Pesantren Nabil Husein is the biggest pesantren in Samarinda. It is not only because of the wide area of it, but it is also because of the total number of its students as well as its programs. Its students and teachers are from different places and educational background. This study tried to describe the media and the model in the teaching of multiculturisme values at Pesantren Nabil Husein Samarinda. This is a sociological and pehenomenological qualititave research. The data and data sources were from the ustadz, the headmasters, the owner, the managerial staffs, and the students. The data sampling technique used purposive sampling. The data collection used interview, observation, and documentation. The data validation used data triangulation. The data were analyzed by using three stages of data analysis, they are: data reduction, data display, and coclusion drawing. The result of the study shows that: 1) the media used to reinforce the multiculturisme values are the students’ orientation activity, dormitory, ta’lim al-Diniyah, art and culture performances, and halaqah; 2) the model used to reinforce the multiculturalisme values are the action-reflection and action model, ignasian and practice model, empirical model, and rasional model. Based on the findings, it is suggested the dormitory managerial staffs become more intensive in reinforcing the multiculturalisme values especiallyat al-Azhar room, all teachers and managerial staffs should have a same vision in reinforcing the multiculturalisme values, and the non-academical activities should be improved in reinforcing the multiculturalisme values.

The implementation of character education in formal educational environments have effective influence in addressing the phenomenon of anarchism, the imposition of the will, brawl learners, the proliferation of drug dealers and users, environmental crisis, a moral crisis, and various other social fatologi tendencies. Formal education is an education system that is organized, purposeful, and measurable. Curriculum 2013 orientates and emphasizes on the strengthening of the moral, affective, and value of the concept of KI-1 (spiritual attitude), KI-2 (social attitudes), KI-3 (knowledge), and KI-4 (application of knowledge). Implementation of character education in the Curriculum in 2013 can be developed by integrating cognitive, affective, and psycho-motoric aspects. In addition, to encourage and facilitate the realization of synergies between formal, non-formal and informal education, and encourage teachers to continue to improve the competence and their role model is another form of implementation of Curriculum 2013.

A quality of lecturer is directed as a preparation of the profesional educational workers who have a broad knowledge, master on their field, able to manage and improve their profesionalisme, and able to administer the teaching skills. Ideally, a quality lecturer is able to implement three stages in teaching and learning process, they are : planning, implementation, and evaluation. The policy of Dean of STAIN Samarinda, to oblige the lecturers make a teaching plan in the form of course outline and lesson plan, is a real action to improve the quality of targetted teaching. A qualified lecturer should have a skill in planning a teaching process. A teaching plan can be developed based on the organization of teaching plan.

Provoking a model of politeness for their children, parent need to consider some principles of politeness. They are: maxim of wisdom, maxim of philanthrophy, maxim of appreciation, maxim of simplicity, maxim of democracy, and maxim of sympaty. Parent sometimes use the imperative utterances to their children. The usage of linguistics politeness of imperative utterances to the children need to consider the principles of politeness in using the imperative utterances. Some techniques can be applied to create a polite utterance, they are: the usage of adequate duration, the usage of appropriate sequence of the utterance, the intonation and gestures and, the usage of politeness markers.

The implementation of character education that is done by the Indonesian government recently has been provoked by al-Ghazali and Burhanuddin al-Zarnuji long ago. It was proven by some written thoughts of al-Ghazali and Burhanuddin al-Zarnuji. They were very famous scientists in their era and widely welknown as educational experts who produced some phenomenal thoughts many people use today. Al-Ghazali and Burhanuddin al-Zarnuji lived in the era of Bani Abbasiyah monarchy, but Both of them lived in different era. Al-Ghazali was born first, then Burhanuddin al-Zarnuji. They had different mazhab, al-Ghazali went to the traditional principle of mazhab Syafi’I and Burhanuddin al-Zarnuji went to the modern principle of mazhab Hanafi. The differences, of course, would create a different thought. Still, they might have a similar principle of Islamic character education. The thoughts of character education of al-Ghazali have been poured in the “Ayyuha Walad” focusing to the students’ character building characterized by religiously obedient, skillfull of general and religious knowledge, socially helpful, affectionate, generous, good citizen, and coloring the society. Some applicable thoughts of character education of Ayyuha al-Walad of al-Gazhali to the contemporary education are: the balance of the happiness purposes of the recent life and the life after death, qana’ah and tawakal, affectionate, caring other, patience, honesty, philanthrophy, social works, generousity, democratic, peace makers, and patriotic. Those characters are also directed in the islamic character education nowdays. So that, the thoughts of al-Ghazali positively and responsively are absorbed by the Indonesian government to build the national character widely implementing in the national curriculum based on the local wisdom and the Islamic values. In the end, the students are able to live happily based on the Islamic rules by implementing the good behavior. Similar to the al-Ghazali’s thought, Burhanuddin al-Zarnuji, in “Ta’lim al-Muta’alim”, wrote some important principles of character building consists of the phisycal and inner values in education.

The objectives of this study were to know the speaking ability of the Grade Eight-A Students of SMP Negeri 1 Anggana in Academic Year 2012/2013 after using Pictures, and to know the student’s participation of the grade Eight-A students of SMP Negeri 1 Anggana in Academic Year 2012/ 2013 through pictures. This study employed CAR (Classroom Action Research) design. The procedures of CAR, i,e. Planning, acting, observing and reflecting. The result showed that the use of pictures had succeeded, to some extent, to improve student’s speaking ability and students’ participation. The student’s speaking ability improve as it showed that the number of students which were classified as good and very good' improved from 6, 4% in preliminary study to 83, 9% in cycle I and became 100% in cycle 2. While those who classified as fair and poor reduced from 93, 6% in preliminary study to 16, 1% in cycle 1 and became 0% in cycle 2. As a result, the using of pictures could enhance the students' speaking ability. Mostly, the students could improved their fluency, content, pronunciation and grammar. The average score raised from 66 in preliminary study, 74 in cycle 1, and 80 in cycle 2. The students’ participation also improved from cycle to cycle. In cycle 1, during the teaching learning process, the class VIII-A had an improvement. It stated that from meeting 1 to 3, the students were actively involved. The result had changed in meeting 3 where 13 students were categorized as very active and 12 students were active enough in presenting the pictures and made progress every meeting. The rest 4 students were categorized as hesitant and 2 students were not active since they were still shy to explore their ideas. On the other hand, during 3 meetings started from meeting 4 to 6 in cycle 2, the class VIII-A also had more improvement than what they did in cycle 1. There were 22 students categorized as very active and 8 students were active enough. The result of the research showed that the implementation of using picture media could give an improvement on students' speaking ability and students’ participation.

This study was aimed to know the students’ ability in managing classroom in the internship program of teaching. As future teacher, the students are directed to master on the skills of teaching. One of the skills is pedagogical skill to manage the classroom. This study used a descriptive design. The data was collected by using observation. The population of the study was the internship program students of semester VI of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah study program. The sampling used random sampling with 11 students sample. The result of finding shows that the highest score was 75 and the lowest score was 50. The students who were in the category of “Very Good” or in the range of 71-85, was 18.2% (2 of 11 students), in the category of “Good” or in the range of 56-85 was 36.4% (4 of 11 students), in the category of “Good Enough” or in the range of 41-55 was 45.4% (5 of 1 students), and no students were in the category of “Poor” or in the range of 26-40.

The English debat organization is one of the most popular students’ activity units at STKIP PGRI Ponorogo. Many students of English department join this club. The skill of debate of the students in the English club is not improved yet. The objective of this study was to give an appropriate way of giving argument of a debate by using AREL. AREL is Argument, Reasoning, Evidance and Link Back. This is a classroom action research. The approach of this study is qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative data were gained by using questionnaire and observation. The quantitative data were gained from the result of the students’ speaking test both pre-test, post-test I, and post-test II. The subject of the study was the members of the English debate club of STKIP PGRI Ponorogo consisting of 19 students. The data collection technique used in this study was observation. The observation, then, also was enriched by recording and taking-note techniques. Data, then, was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. In pre-test, many students still made many mistakes in presenting the argument. Based on the pre-test data, the pre-treatment was done. In post-test I, some students made an improvement in presenting a good enough organization of an argument, but it was not good yet. In post-test II of the next treatment, it shows a better result

Objective: Higher education in Indonesia faces the challenge of dual governance, leading to unequal allocation of state resources between the Ministry of Education and various ministries. The main problem arises when the limited national education budget is disproportionately absorbed by civil service institutions, while students at state universities face the pressure of rising tuition fees. Method: This study uses a descriptive-qualitative approach in a policy analysis framework to evaluate budget allocations between State Universities (PTN) and Civil Service Universities (PTK). The analysis focuses on calculating unit cost disparities and assessing the impact of dual governance on fiscal equity. Results: The findings indicate a disparity in asymmetric fiscal support, with the average unit cost per student at Civil Service Universities (PTK) reaching Rp26,56 million per year, 1,78 times that at State Universities (PTN) at Rp14,88 million. This inequality is exacerbated by institutional redundancy, including the establishment of general study programs at PTK identical to those at State Universities (PTN), as well as the provision of comprehensive facilities that cover both tuition fees and living expenses exclusively for PTK students. The analysis shows that this budgeting system fails to meet the principles of distributive justice, as the large allocation to PTK does not provide broad benefits to the groups most in need of support, namely state university students burdened by rising UKT (tuition fees).  Novelty: This study recommends reintegrating PTK governance into the ministry responsible for education, allowing the other technical ministry to focus on its core governmental functions. National cost standardization is urgently needed to eliminate casteism in the higher education system and ensure a more inclusive distribution of budget resources for all.

Objective: The study explores the impact of innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk taking on the business performance of women entrepreneurs within the Jabodetabek region through ambidextrous learning. Method: A quantitative approach with Structural Equation Model (SEM-PLS) data from 110 women entrepreneurs in Jabodetabek which used a purposive sampling technique indicates that innovativeness not only increase ambidextrous learning, it also directly increases business performance. Proactiveness both directly enhances ambidextrous learning and business performance. Risk taking also proven increasing on both ambidextrous learning and business performance. Results: Research findings also highlight the role of ambidextrous learning as a mediating role. It effectively mediates the impact of innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk taking on business outcomes. Novelty: The outcome of this research offers valuable contribution to practical insight of ambidextrous capabilities to optimize entrepreneurial orientation dimensions, enabling women entrepreneurs to enhance adaptability, drive growth, and achieve sustained business success in dynamic market environments.

Objective: Despite the growing emphasis on entrepreneurship education as a solution to employment challenges, its impact on entrepreneurial intention remains inconsistent, with limited attention to contextual moderators such as social support in developing economies like Indonesia. This study aims to examines the influence of Entrepreneurship Education (EE) on Entrepreneurial Intention (EI) among Indonesian undergraduate students and investigates and to investigate the moderating role of Social Support (SS). Method: The research method employs a quantitative approach using 767 undergraduate students who have completed at least one entrepreneurship-related course. Data were analyzed using PLS-SEM, independent samples t-tests, and Kruskal-Wallis tests to explore differences across gender, field of study, and cohort. The key results indicate that EE has a positive and significant effect on EI.  Results: However, the moderating effect of SS is significant but negative, suggesting that higher perceived social support weakens the influence of EE on EI. The key findings also reveal that male students exhibit higher EI than female students, business students score higher in both EE and EI than non-business students, and students’ perceptions evolve across academic cohorts. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in identifying the counterintuitive moderating role of social support, which weakens rather than strengthens the EE–EI relationship. The contribution of this study enriches the entrepreneurship education literature by providing a deeper understanding of contextual and demographic factors influencing entrepreneurial intention in the Indonesian higher education context.

Objective: This research aims to map research trends in Artificial Intelligence in Entrepreneurship Education which are linked to achieving the SDGs. Method: This research uses a bibliometric approach from the Scopus database which focuses on related themes in the 2017-2025 period. Biblioshiny as a tool and data analyzed descriptively.  Results: Research trends on Artificial Intelligence in Entrepreneurship Education show a very significant increase and are appropriate for achieving SDGs, especially points four and eight. The most contributing countries are China and Indonesia. An interesting theme to research is the integration of AI in adversarial machine learning, federated learning, contrastive learning, educational computing in entrepreneurship. Future research direction refers to the design of advanced AI-based entrepreneurship education as well as innovations in various robust AI models for business. Policy recommendations should be in line with increasing the capacity of AI pedagogy teachers and assisting AI training for entrepreneurship.  Novelty: This research offers AI research trends in entrepreneurship education according to the framework of achieving the SDGs with the latest data.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect of entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial intention through entrepreneurial mindset among students at university. Method: This study used a quantitative approach, with an explanatory research design. The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling. The respondents were 252 students from Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Data analysis used Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), which includes testing the outer model, inner model, and hypothesis.  Results: The results of the study show that entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial mindset significantly influence entrepreneurial intention, while entrepreneurial education has no direct effect on entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial education significantly influence the entrepreneurial mindset. The results of the mediation test indicate that the entrepreneurial mindset can mediate the influence of entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial intention.  Novelty: This study provides a theoretical contribution in expanding the study of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in forming perceived behavioral control through an entrepreneurial mindset to create entrepreneurial intentions among students in developing countries.

Objective: Teaching economics in vocational high schools often faces challenges such as low student achievement and limited critical thinking, largely due to conventional, less interactive methods. Innovative approaches are needed to link abstract concepts with real-world contexts. This study examines the impact of the 5E Learning Cycle model supported by Augmented Reality on students’ learning outcomes and critical thinking skills. Method: A quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest control group was employed, involving two 11th-grade Digital Business classes at SMK Negeri 1 Bojonegoro (34 students each). One class received the intervention, while the other served as control. Instruments included tests for learning outcomes and critical thinking, analyzed using independent samples t-test, N-Gain, and effect size (Cohen’s d). Results: Showed significant improvements in the experimental group: learning outcomes (51.94 to 79.39) and critical thinking (18.59 to 28.99), with moderate N-Gain (0.51; 0.58) and large effect sizes (0.99; 0.90). Novelty: The study’s novelty lies in applying the 5E Learning Cycle model with Augmented Reality to vocational economics education, extending its use beyond science and STEM fields.

Objective: Entrepreneurship has become a strategic solution to address unemployment in Indonesia, where the entrepreneurial ration remains relatively low at only 3.47%. This study investigates the role of entrepreneurship education in enhancing students’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention within the context of higher education in Indonesian. Method: Using quantitative approach, this study utilizes PLS-SEM to examine relationship among constructs, while PLS-MGA was used to assess regional differences across. Samples consist of 537 undergraduate students who had participated in entrepreneurship education programs at excellent-status higher education institutions in Jakarta, Bandung, and Surabaya, selected through purposive sampling.  Results:  The result reveals that entrepreneurial education has a significant effect on both entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Furthermore, entrepreneurial self-efficacy partially mediates the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention. The MGA results show no significant differences across the three cities, except for the effect of entrepreneurship education on self-efficacy between Jakarta and Surabaya.  Novelty: Overall, the findings suggest relatively consistent effects of entrepreneurship education across major urban areas in Java. This study provides practical implication for developing experience-based entrepreneurship programs in HEIs.

Objective: This research aims to explain the influence of the flipped classroom learning model along with learning styles on students' conceptual understanding. Method: This study uses a quasi-experimental method with a 2x2 factorial pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design involving students from PGRI University Jombang at the undergraduate level.  Results:  The research results reflect that the flipped classroom has a better impact compared to conventional learning. The difference between verbal and visual learning styles is not significant to conceptual understanding. Overall, the use of flipped learning is effective for all types of learning styles in this study in improving conceptual understanding. In practice, the flipped classroom is highly recommended for application in concept comprehension learning with implementation on an LMS and effective discussion features.  Novelty: The novelty of this research lies in the integrative flipped learning model combined with learning styles, which has not been extensively studied for enhancing conceptual understanding.

Objective: Teacher readiness remains a critical issue in improving the quality of economics teacher education programs. This study aims to analyse the relationship between teacher competence, critical thinking skills, and teaching experience on the readiness of economics teacher candidates. Additionally, the study examines the mediating role of digital literacy in strengthening these relationships. Method: This study employed a quantitative approach using covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM). Data were collected from 103 students of Economics Education Study Programs from both public and private universities in Java. The analysis was conducted using AMOS software version 30 to test the proposed hypotheses regarding the mediating effect of digital literacy on the relationships between teacher competence, critical thinking skills, teaching experience, and prospective teacher readiness.  Results: The findings reveal that digital literacy plays a significant mediating role in enhancing the readiness of economics teacher candidates. In particular, digital literacy strengthens the relationship between teaching experience and prospective teacher readiness. Furthermore, competence and critical thinking skills also contribute positively to teacher readiness when supported by adequate digital literacy capabilities. Novelty: This study highlights digital literacy as a strategic mediator that integrates pedagogical competence, critical thinking, and teaching experience in preparing economics teacher candidates for digitally driven learning environments. The findings provide a new perspective for teacher education programs by emphasizing digital literacy development as a core component in strengthening prospective teacher readiness in the era of digital transformation.

The urgency of family economic education, especially among the fishing communities of Puger coastal area, Jember Regency, needs to be addressed to achieve welfare. The internalisation process that occurs needs to be examined in depth to ensure no party is disadvantaged. This study aims to describe the role of parents in internalising economic education to their children within fishing families and to identify the forms of economic education processes that take place within them. This research is a qualitative phenomenological study with purposive sampling to obtain in-depth knowledge about the economic education of fishing families. Data validation uses technique and source triangulation, analysed with the Miles & Huberman framework, assisted by NVivo 12 Plus software. The findings reveal the uniqueness and advantages of the family economics education for fishermen, which has developed rapidly, not only verbally but also through examples, habituation, and open discussions. The implications of this research theoretically suggest that economic education is more than traditional, but interactive. In practice, the role of parents alongside children is important for the economic welfare. The best policy is to maximise the welfare of fishermen and the future of fishermen's children who must struggle with limited economic resources.

This research aims to analyze dominant factors affecting community welfare enhancement through tourism cooperative involvement in Buleleng Regency, with particular emphasis on education's moderating role. A quantitative approach employed structural equation modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0, analyzing data from 180 tourism cooperative members selected through stratified proportional random sampling across three tourism areas. The enhanced model demonstrates excellent fit. Access to capital emerged as the dominant factor, followed by human resource capacity and marketing networks. Education significantly moderates the relationships between access to capital and community welfare and between human resource capacity and community welfare. The moderation analysis revealed that higher education levels enhance the effectiveness of capital access and skill development interventions. The study establishes the "Cooperative-Mediated Community Welfare Model with Educational Enhancement" (CMCW-EE), demonstrating that education amplifies the effectiveness of resource-based interventions while having minimal impact on relational factors. These findings provide crucial insights for designing targeted interventions in community-based tourism development.

The entrepreneurial spirit within Chinese-Indonesian families has long been recognized as a factor in their economic resilience, yet the educational patterns that transmit this spirit across generations remain underexplored. This study aims to examine how family-based education fosters entrepreneurial character among Chinese youth in Surakarta, focusing on the interplay of cultural values, practical immersion, and adaptive strategies. The central research question asks: How do educational practices within Chinese-Indonesian families contribute to cultivating entrepreneurial spirit in the next generation? This research employs a qualitative approach using thematic analysis to interpret data gathered through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings reveal three major themes: first, practical immersion as pedagogy, where children are engaged in family business tasks from an early age to internalize perseverance, discipline, and interpersonal competence; second, familial trust and solidarity as social capital, where kinship bonds and moral values of honesty, responsibility, and integrity sustain intergenerational continuity; and third, the negotiation of formal education, experiential learning, and technology, where families balance schooling with hands-on practice and cautiously integrate digital tools as both opportunities and risks. The study concludes that entrepreneurial education in Chinese-Indonesian families is not merely an economic strategy, but a cultural and ethical practice embedded in family life. Theoretically, this study shows that entrepreneurial spirit is socially enacted within kinship structures rather than taught solely in schools. Practically, the findings suggest that entrepreneurship programs can be strengthened through family-based approaches that emphasize early immersion, trust, ethics, and guided use of technology.