Costs planning is a basic common issue faced by manufacturing companies where prior planned costs are being irrelevant with the actual costs, this especially happens with the case of labor costs. Companies must control costs effectively. Cost control can be measured by level of efficiency of previously budgeted cost and the real costs. Level of cost efficiency can be measured by comparing real costs with upcoming standard costs. This study aims to knowing how companies control its direct labor cost in order to increase production costs. The method applied in this study is qualitative descriptive analysis. The results show that when the company controls labor costs using methods such as finger print attendance to avoid cheating workers, standard procedures for operating machines, and faster production work standard of 51 days, we can conclude that the faster production the more efficient the costs spent by the company for the production process against the overhead costs consisted of water and electrical bills. On the other hand, we can also say that company’s policy towards the level of efficiency is 5%, mean while the actual level of efficiency is 0.43% for one unit production. This means that the cost control of direct labor costs run company still cannot achieve the expected level of efficiency.

The presentation of financial statements of a go public company towards its concerned parties requires a punctual publishing of financial statements. Punctuality reflects the qualitative characteristics of financial statements reporting according to the accounting principal that is generally used in Indonesia. Such qualitative characteristic is relevant, meaning that the information contained in the financial statements must be able to influence the decision makers, so the reports must be delivered punctually. Relevant has the close connection to timeliness of reporting. Timeliness also related to the time difference between date of financial statements and date of auditor’s report, which indicates the length of time of auditing settlements, or called as audit delay as the dependent variable. This study aims to measure empirically the factors affecting audit delay of the listed manufacturing companies on Indonesia Stock Exchange. They are profitability, solvency, auditor’s opinion and reputation as the independent variables. The samples of this research consist of 147 manufacturing companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2012-2013 and selected by purposive sampling. The data used is secondary data; which are audited financial statements of 147 samples. The data analysis used methods to prove the hypothesis are descriptive statistics, classic assumptions test, multiple regression models, and the determinant coefficient. The study finds that three out of four independent variables influence insignificantly to audit delay; they are profitability, solvency and auditor’s opinion. Only auditor reputation influences audit delay significantly. The simultaneous testing concluded that all independent variables influence the dependent variable significantly.

Implementation of financial statement preparation for public companies in Indonesia has shifted from Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) starting in 2012. GAAP practices emphasize to users to find the best terms for a transaction, while IFRS emphasizes principles of fair value in the presentation of financial statements. The Financial Position Report which has adopted IFRS requires that the fixed assets be presented at fair value, so that the financial statements presented to external parties reflect the current value of fixed assets owned by the company. This study aims to investigate the effect of leverage, operating cash flow, firm size and fixed asset intensity to the decision of commercial banks to conduct a revaluation. Commercial Bank that became the object of research is a commercial bank listed on the BEI with observation period starting in 2012 - 2016. Independent variable are leverage, operating cash flow, firm size and fixed asset intensity. Testing on the research model using Hosmer & Lemeshow Test, Omnibus, Nagelker R Square. While testing the hypothesis using Logistic Regression Test. The results of the analysis in hypotesis testing showed that leverage, firm size and fixed asset intensity significantly influence the decision of commercial banks to conduct a revaluation. While operating cash flow has no effect on the decision of commercial banks to conduct a revaluation.

There are numerous methods of tax planning, one of which is how company runs efficient tax payment which related to tax-saving costs, especially in the form of labors’ benefits in the form of non-cash benefits in kinds allowance. This study is purposed to describe benefits in kinds used as method of tax planning to decrease the amount of tax. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The result shows that using allowance costs in the form of benefit in kinds can decrease the burden of tax for tax subjects. 

The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is committed to improve their standards’ quality, which is the global accounting standards that reflect information in financial statements as transparent and comparable for public purposes. The International Accounting Standards (IAS) and the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) provide guidelines in creating and interpreting companies’ financial statements (Iatridis & Dalla, 2011). The purpose of this research was to assess the impact of the application of PSAK 5 (revised 2009). PSAK 5 (revised 2009) requires segment disclosure based on the internal reporting reviewed by the operation decision maker. PSAK 5 (revised 2000) requires companies to disclose segments information based on the format of the primary and secondary segments as identified per products / services that generate the same level of risk and return. The six analytical frameworks developed for this research, namely: (1) analysis of the presentation of segment information based on PSAK 5 (revised 2000) versus PSAK 5 (revised 2009), (2) analysis of the determination and identification of operational decision-making, (3) the analysis of the definition and identification operating segments between industry sectors, (4) analysis of segment aggregation, (5) analysis of determination of the reportable segments, and (6) analysis of reported segment disclosures. In conclusion, generally, the disclosure of segment information based on PSAK 5 (revised 2009) by using the management approach yields a more complete segment report, by conveying more relevant segmental information from the standpoint of management's internal performance than the previous standard, which was PSAK 5 (revised 2000). This research found significant changes related to an increase in the disclosure of segment disclosure in business segments, segment aggregation, and basic information on company's segmental performance measurement in Indonesia.

Disclosure of financial statements is a mean of delivering information by the company’s internal to stakeholders outside of the company. On this globalization era, IASC (International Accounting Standard Committee) tries to create a custom standard for all in order to financial statement can be understood by all users in different countries, and so the IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standard) is published. It certainly brings a big impact on accounting study in Indonesia. One of those is about convergence of IFRS into PSAK as base of financial reporting as one form of disclosure to stakeholders outside of the company. This study was conducted to obtain empirical evidence about the effect of the implementation IFRS on the disclosure of financial statements as measured by leverage in this case the Gray index. The populations in this study are all listed banks in Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period of 2009-2014. Sample was 30 banking firms selected using purposive sampling method with predetermined criteria. Independent variable is in the form of leverage Gray index. Analysis used in this study is a descriptive analysis and simple linear regression analysis with SPSS as tool for calculation. The result showed the implementation of IFRS in the leverage Gray index has no effect on financial disclosure. Conclusions of the research are implementation of IFRS itself has effect on the financial disclosure but Gray index leverage has no significant effect under the IFRS standards. Result from t-test value is -0.122 and smaller than t-table value of 2.048. Thus, the variable of Gray index leverage is not recommended to be used to measure the width of financial reports disclosures under the standards of IFRS. There are still many aspects to be studied to determine the effect of accounting standards using other representations of company characteristics.

As a member of G-20 Forum, Indonesia starts to adopts the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) as a requirement to fulfill the demands and needs of financial statements users. The adoption of international accounting standards into national accounting standards aim to create financial statements that have high level of credibility and accountability. IFRS requests the requirement of high level of disclosure items so the value of companies will increase, management will have high level of accountability to run the company, that allows changes on the financial statements, for example that can change the length of financial statements. The purpose of this study is to know the effect of IFRS adoption on the length of financial statements, and to know the content of financial statements before and after IFRS adoption. This study was conducted by dividing financial statements into two sections, which are major statements and notes to the financial statements.  The financial statements used in this study are 2008 and 2013. The sample was selected by purposive sampling method and analyzed using parametric and non-parametric tests. Results of this study show that major statements and notes to the financial statements experienced an increase in length after adopting IFRS. Notes to financial statements experiencing the most significant increase in length after adopting IFRS. On the major statements, the increase is caused by other comprehensive income account. While on the notes to the financial statements, increase is caused by implementation of  PSAK 1 which requires the high level of disclosures. The increase mainly occured in accounting policy on the financial statements.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of IFRSs in the preparation of financial statements ETAP cooperatives, especially Cooperative Tirta Sanita. Analysis is performed to determine whether the financial statements have been applied by the Cooperatives is in accordance with GAAP ETAP set since July 2010. The analysis conducted in this study uses a descriptive method while selected data sources are secondary data from financial statements. The selected data collection procedures are obtained form library research, literatures, records, field research and interviews. The results showed that the Cooperative Tirta Sanita has been making adjustments in applying SAK ETAP in the preparation of its financial statements, but still not all the adjustments in the SAK ETAP have been applied in the preparation of its financial statements. This is evident with the availability of financial statements consisting of a balance sheet, profit/loss, change in equity, and cash flow statement. Cooperative Tirta Sanita using SAK ETAP with reporting guidelines still largely the same as before adopting IFRS GAAP General, therefor not too many significant changes occured. In other words, there was no significant effect happens on the application of GAAP in the financial statements Cooperative ETAP Tirta Sanita. Thus, financial statement reporting guidelines Cooperative Tirta Sanita with SAK ETAP is still using the principles of the historical cost method uses a different cost with SFAS General that is currently adopting IFRS using the fair value method. In general, this is the fundamental difference for the implementation of SAK ETAP.

In the implementation of a company's production process, the production budget is something that should not be overlooked. Production budget discipline will create both in terms of production control units and control costs including raw materials, direct labor control, and factory overhead cost control. Thus, the production process will be coordinated and run in accordance with company objectives. Based on this assumptions, this research tries to examine whether there are differences between the actual production budget both in terms of production volumes and costs, as well as to determine whether there is influence between the production budget discipline on the level of achievement of the actual production. Research conducted in PT. Jaya Semesta located at Jl. 6 Coral Tamarind Western Hero, Coventry - Bogor. PT. Jaya Semesta is a company engaged in manufacturing electrical components. The results showed that the production budget at PT. Jaya Semesta in preparing the production budget of the company using the combined methods of Top Down and Buttom up. Production budget PT. Jaya Universe in 2012 is not effective (discipline), it is evidents from the budgeted volume with the volume produced has a percentage difference of 13% (thirteen percent), which is far higher than the tolerances specified by the company and the budgeted overhead costs overhead costs produced has a difference of 7% (seven percent) above the tolerance limits set by the company in the amount of 5% (five percent). Whereas in 2013 the production budget PT. Jaya Semesta is concluede to be effective (discipline) as a means of controlling production, budgeted volume with the volume produced has a percentage difference of 1% (one percent) and the costs incurred by the company adhere to the budgets that have been defined where production expenses below the specified tolerance company, this would be beneficial for the company and in terms of quality, product switch BG 802 rarely experienced level of disability, the maximum level of disability produced by 2%. With the value of the average deviation decreased from the year 2012 to the year 2013, PT. Jaya Semesta in preparing the production budget of the switch BG802 more focused towards the target (destination) to implement a production budget discipline (effective and efficient). Evaluation results in this study show that the controlled production budget is the key to success in the overall production process. It can be concluded that the proper preparation of production budget is necessary because the budget can assess the efficiency and effectiveness of a company.

Management plays key parts in running operations of a business chain. Management combined with human resources will determine the success of a company. Along the way, in the currently tight business competition, consumers demand improved product quality and affordable price at the same time. One of the many ways company can choose to establish this condition is by applying Total Quality Management. This research is purposed to examine whether or not there are differences in quality and cost efficiency before and after the application of quality management and how the quality management carried out. The results show that there are differences in the quality produced before and after the implementation of quality management. After the implementation, there is a decrease in the reject products and the production cost is lower. This concludes that the application of total quality management is beneficial for the company due to well manage communication and supervision among managers and operating staffs.

Responsibility accounting is an accounting system that is based on an organizational structure that clearly separates the duties, power, and responsibilities of each level of management. By establishing responsibility centers for accumulating and reporting cost center, as well as the accountability reporting centers to be assessed performance.  The purpose of this study is to conduct an evaluation of the work of responsibility centers to improve the company's operations in the near future, based on the accountability of each part is related to the company in the form of performance assessment activities of the company in order to determine the deviations that occur in each responsibility center as well as an analysis of the implementation of responsibility accounting as a management tool in assessing the performance of the production line. Application of responsibility accounting in PT. Cahaya Buana Intitama is already well underway. This can be seen from the quality of target budget and plan production based on the consumers’ satisfaction. Performance parts production also has shown good performance results. It is all in accordance with the job description, following the ISO that has been determined by the company. The research concludes that the responsibility accounting plays important role in inside appraisal the performance from center-center of accountability. Therefor proves that the responsibility accounting applied by PT. Cahaya Buana Intitama is beneficial for the assessment of performance against part the production. Thus, the company will not be experiencing difficulties in determining which parts may issue costs in which eventually will be influential on decision-making as well as overall improvement on the company’s  performance.

Many companies expand by way of example that is opening new branches in various cities to facilitate marketing. With so many branches owned by the company, there is increasing demand to consider control over all aspects of the sales including control aspects. Sales transaction is one of the financial transactions in the branch office that needs special attention. This is due to the sales will get optimal profit only if supported by the applicable criteria or requirements of the company. Based on the descriptions, the purpose of this study was to determine how the role of Financial Controller in helping to streamline the management controls over sales transactions of branch offices.The results showed that the role of Financial Controller in Bogor branch office of PT.Cahaya Sakti Multi Intraco greatly help them oversee the financial transactions the Branch office did to support the achievement of sales targets, and conduct overall control on branch office. Financial Controller provides useful reports for management in the form of Performance Reports of Branch office as a whole containing informations about the effectiveness and/or ineffectiveness of operating Branch. Control sales in Bogor Branch office is considered to be effective. This is evident from the sales restraint heavily influenced by the role of the Financial Controller in overseeing the sales transactions and provide data and information relating to sales, thus sales can be controlled and run in accordance with the applicable criteria.

Promotion is an activity conducted by the company with the aim to inform, persuade, and affect consumers in choosing or buying a product offered by the company. With cost efficiency promotion budgeted by several companies proved in significant sales volume reduced or in other words, sales volumes remained stable. Thus, the expected income will be optimal. Therefore, it is important to support the cost of promotional sales, and at the same time keep the efficiency of budgetary expenditures or budget these costs to keep sales and income increased.      The purpose of this study was to analyze the cost efficiency of the campaign carried out by the PDAM to improve or stabilize sales volume. So that management can have a view of realization and evaluation costs promotion sales volume. The research results showed that PDAM Tirta Pakuan are to improve efficiency in its promotional activities. This is indicated in the year 2013, PDAM realization promotional costs lower than its promotional budget. But volume sales in 2013 PDAM did not experience a significant decrease in sales volume, thus can be said sales volume in 2013 remained stable as in previous years. Evaluation results from these studies show that the efficiency of the cost of promotion does not significantly affect the sales volume into decreasing. By applying the cost efficiency of volume sales promotion, we can conclude that PDAM remain stable, and PDAM is spending lower costs for promotional activities. Therefor, profits or advantages from the company will increase compared to the previous year.

Tax planning is a legally used method by companies to save its tax payment. Income tax planning article 21 is a tax planning applied based on employee’s salary. It is an expense borne by companies and will disserve the company due to its inability to be made deductible fiscal expense. The research’s objective is to find out the influence of income tax planning related to article 21 borne by the company with gross up methode. The results conclude that the company does not use gross up method in calculationg its article 21 income tax. This is why the author made a revsion the fiscal income statement used in previous calculation. Based on this revision, the company will be able to save Rp 1.665.028 obtained as a difference between fiscal correction on article 21 tax expenses and the increase of article 21 tax income after being grossed up. This means the company can save its expenditure.

Income statement contains information about a company’s activities in a certain period more specifically its’ profits and loss, in which revenues and expenses are recognised. The research aims at analysing the recognition of revenues and expenses by a firm to compose an income statement. Analysis is conducted to discover if PT Monifori Nusantara has applied the general accounting standard. the result show that the aforementioned firm conducted a proper and accountable revenues and expenses recognition. The result also shows that electicity and depreciation expenses are not in accordance to the generally accepted accounting standard, this is because those expenses were not recognised into their own accounts.

The roles of internal control and accounting information system owned by a firm cannot be separated with each other in company’s operating in order to run smoothly and in accordance with the standardised procedures. And so with payroll and payment operating, it takes a proper system to run its activities. Thus, the company will be able to avoid possible risks during transactions. This research is aimed at investigating how the application of payroll system and to determine if the existing system helps the management in controlling its payroll and payment system.  This is a descriptive research using primary data such as interviews with management and secondary data. Data are collected using observation technique, interviews and library research. The result concludes that the company has run a proper system in its payroll and thus helped the management to control its payroll and payment system.

There are two main factors in deciding ticket price in transportation providers. They are the direct and indirect costs. Other than that, there are also other external factors affecting the ticket price, which are distance, load factor, expected profit and the managerial decision to increase and/or decrease the ticket selling price.  All of these components are calculated until finally come up to final ticket price. The research is conducted to analyse the factors influencing the ticket price and to find out how the ticket price is calculated. The result shows that the research object has properly calculating the ticket selling price, but still can not define a break event point. This is important if the company wishes to achieve its objectives, one of which is maximum profit. The goal in calculation of break event point is to determine the uncertain figure by managerial policy on estimated profit, load factor, and final rounding offs.

Revenues generally classified as one that resourced from company’s normal activities and one that is not. Revenues resulted from normal activities usually obtained from goods or services selling relating to company’s main activities. Expenses are deducting factors of revenues to obtain profits and/or loss. Expenses arised form company’s activities are consisted of production costs, business costs and other costs. Gross profits is more actually operative in character when compared to operating profit, Even though gross profit is often perceived to normally depicting company’s normal activities, not all costs reflected in operating costs are directly related to the creation of revenues. The research is to analyse revenues and expenses recognition in a manufacturing company. Analysis is conducted to investigate whether or not the recognition of expenses and revenues run by the company is accountable to compile gross profit and then be used to evaluate the production department performance. The result shows that the company has properly recognised the revenues obtained, but not in the expenses part. This is due to the improper method used.

Compiling a financial reportis important because through this statement both external and internal parties may acquire informations about the firm’s financial conditions and its performance. These informations can then be used to make managerial decision for the sake of the firm’s future.   Building an accounting program corresponding to the company’s specific needs can be very expensive and time consuming, not to mention the trials and errors along the way. It takes great efforts to finally come up with ideal accounting program. To solve this issue, Microsoft Excel application provides affordable, simple, fast and accountable accounting program. The aim of this research are to investigate a proper qualitative characteristics of a financial report, to maximize the function of Microsoft Excel application in smaller firms for the purpose of providing a financial statement. The results show that Excel can enchance the informations contained in CV Inovasi Infinita’s financial statements. This application helps with its fast, accurate, complete, user friendly and details. Thus the owner can easily analyse each transaction on the daily basis. The application helps contributing in providing better financial reports.

Production cost of goods sold is often made as a guidance by management to make decisions on future activities in order to achieve company’s objectives, mainly the number of profit intended to gain. This research is aimed at discovering how production cost of goods sold is affecting the selling price. CV. Jawara Karsa Agusto is a manufacturing company running in food industry, especially bread making. The company does not have certain standard to decide the selling price, rather fluctuating and following the market’s progress. The results show that production cost of good sold is affecting the decision of selling price. Management should also consider the rising in raw materials’ prices when making policies such as production cost efficiency, thus the company’s targeted profit will still be achieved.