Virtual laboratory practice using virtual reality provides conveniences and increases learning outcomes, beside physical laboratories requires expensive costs, ineffective and efficient, and limited space causes a decrease in learning levels and impacted to satisfaction and confidence. This study aims to identify satisfaction and confidence of nursing students in learning using Virtual Reality of Wound Care Skills. The research design using descriptive quantitative. In this study, 56 nursing students used as samples using quota sampling technique. Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale (SCSL) is the instrument used in this study. Meanwhile, data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS software version 26 with univariate analysis method and presented in the form of distribution frequency tables, yield percentages, mean, and deviations standard. This study shows that students are very satisfied (M = 4.400; SD = 0.670) and very confident (M = 4.357; SD = 0.622) in learning using Virtual Reality of Wound Care Skills. Results obtained from the use of virtual reality learning simulations on student satisfaction and confidence obtained high scores. Therefore, this learning method can used as an alternative to learning and support student skills and knowledge in another nursing skills.

Background Indonesia failed to achieve the maternal mortality rate target as the MDGs’ agreement in 2015. The Ministry of Health has developed health promotion and illness prevention programmes to improve women’s health and wealthiness. However, only few studies provide information of women’s health behaviour related to a health promotion and an illness prevention in the perinatal period comprehensively. This study aimed to determine women’s health behaviour related to the health promotion and the illness prevention in the perinatal period; pre, intra, and postnatal. Method This study applied a descriptive quantitative approach. Samples were chosen using the Convenience sampling method. 51 women from Sukapada, Bandung were involved in this study. Data were collected using a questionarrie and analysed using a frequency distribution. Result This study found that the majority of respondents (96%) visited health services for prenatal visit. Women also concerned with other health activities including having tetanus vaccination (49%), consuming Iron tables and nutrisious food (65% and 61% respectively), and having give birth at health facilities (100%). In contrast, this study also found that women’s participation in prenatal classes was limited (25%). In addition, to prevent prenatal and postnatal complications, women need to have a good understanding of dangerous signs in pregnancy and postpartum. However, the majority of them had limited health literacy about it. Conclusion Women’s health behaviour in the perinatal period is varied. Health education programmes are required for increasingwomen’s health literacy and awareness of health promotion and illness prevention in this period.Keywords: Health promotion, illness prevention, perinatal period. “Health Behaviour” Perempuan Usia Produktif saat Periode PerinatalAbstrakLatarbelakang, Target Millennium Development Goals tahun 2015 berkaitan dengan Angka Kematian Ibu tidak dapat dicapai oleh Indonesia. Kementerian kesehatan Republik Indonesia mengembangkan berbagai program promosi kesehatan dan pencegahan penyakit untuk meningkatkan kesehatan dan kesejahteraan perempuan. Namun, riset yang menginformasikan tentang perilaku kesehatan pada perempuan yang komprehensif berkaitan dengan promosi kesehatan dan prevensi pada periode perinatal masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi perilaku perempuan berkaitan dengan promosi dan prevensi kesehatan pada periode perinatal yang meliputi: hamil, melahirkan, postpartum. Metode, Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Sampel dipilih dengan menggunakan metode Convenience sampling. Sebanyak 51 perempuan dari Sukapada, Bandung berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner dan kemudian dianalisa dalam bentuk distribusi frekwensi. Hasil menunjukan sebagian besar perempuan (96%) melakukan kontrol kehamilan, 49% mendapatkan immunisasi TT, 65% mengkonsumsi tablet Fe, 61% mengkonsumsi makanan bergizi, dan seluruh perempuan (100%) melahirkan dengan ditolong oleh pertugas kesehatan. Namun sebaliknya, sebagian kecil perempuan (25%) berpartisipasi dalam kelas prenatal. Selain itu, dalam upaya pencegahan komplikasi kehamilan dan postpartum, perempuan diharapkan memiliki pengetahuan tentang tanda bahaya kehamilan dan postpartum. Pada kenyataan nya hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sebagian besar responden tidak mengetahui tanda bahaya pada kehamilan dan postpartum. Kesimpulan, perilaku perempuan dalam promosi dan prevensi kesehatan di masa perinatal berbeda-beda hal tersebut mungkin disebabkan oleh factor seperti pengetahuan kesehatan. Program pendidikan kesehatan berkaitan dengan periode perinatal dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran perempuan berkaitan dengan upaya promosi kesehatan dan pencegahan penyakit pada periode tersebut.Kata kunci: Promosi kesehatan, pencegahan penyakit, periode perinatal.

Human factors are very complex in the spread of disease. Stunting is caused by chronic malnutrition and infections in toddlers. Lack of access to clean water, hygiene, and sanitation contributes to stunting. Demographic factors can affect a person’s motivation to maintain hygiene. This study aims to be determined the correlation between demographic characteristics and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices at the stunting locus. The method in this study used a correlational quantitative method with a cross-sectional design to be measured demographic characteristic and WASH practices variables. The study population consisted of Sukamulya village residents, and 463 Sukamulya village residents were sampled using total sampling. SPSS Version 26 for Windows was used for univariate and bivariate Chi-Square analysis. The results showed that 228 (49.2%) out of 463 of respondents had poor WASH practices. The results of the correlation test showed that there was a correlation between level of education and WASH practices with a score of Chi-Square 17,564 (p-value = 0,002). There is a correlation between education level and WASH practices at the stunting locus. Education affects a person’s perspective and decision-making, including environmental hygiene and health. Thus, the government and policymakers should hold WASH programs to educate the public about keeping the stunting locus clean.

The responsibility of nurses as nursing care providers is a factor that affects the mental workload. The mental workload of nurses as caregivers who have to work and interact with patients professionally for 24 hours would arise. It may because of continuous adaptation of time constraints in providing nursing care for 24 hours, unclear job demands, limited ability, lack of motivation and mood, and the psychological burden of the nurse. This study aimed to describe the mental workload in carrying out their role as the nursing care provider at eight inpatient wards, Sumedang public hospital. This research applied descriptive quantitative design. The mental workload was measured using the NASA-TLX instrument. The samples were 94 who works inpatient rooms, they were randomly selected through cluster sampling techniques. Analysis of the data was descriptive analysis. The results of the study showed that 67% of nursing nurses had a mental workload that was in the role of providing nursing care. Nurses have a high mental workload in providing nursing care in special surgical wards (53.8%) and child wards (50%). It is recommended that hospitals evaluate the work system of nurses to examine the physical, psychological and behavioral changes that occur to nurses. It is expected that nurses show good performance in carrying out their role as nursing care providers.

Ventilator weaning disorder is the inability to adapt to the reduction of mechanical ventilator assistance that can hinder and prolong the weaning process. Meningitis is strictly defined as inflammation of the meninges, while encephalitis is defined as inflammation of the brain. If both are inflamed, the patient experiences meningo encephalitis. Ventilator weaning (or ventilator weaning) is the process of gradually reducing the mechanical respiratory support provided by the ventilator to the patient. Successful weaning is defined as effective spontaneous breathing without any machine support for 24 hours or more. Study was to analyze ventilator weaning in post evd patients e.c communicating hydrocephalus, me tb brmc grade ii in the icu room of prof. Dr. I.g.n.g ngoerah bali hospital. The method used is a quantitative case study method. The data source of this study is primary data that has been interviewed with the patient’s family and also refers to medical record data as secondary data. The results obtained in this study are that the success factor of ventilator weaning is related to the patient’s age. In early adulthood, it is easier to achieve successful ventilator weaning because the body’s immune function, respiratory muscles and lung function are stronger compared to late adulthood. Then, oral hygiene measures will reduce the incidence of vap and avoid oral infections. Because these measures can kill bacterial growth in the oropharynx. The application of the vap bundle for the prevention and control of vap is stated in the regulation of the minister of health (permenkes) of the republic of indonesia number 27 of 2017 concerning guidelines and prevention of infection which includes hand hygiene, bed position 30-45°, oral hygiene, management of oropharyngeal and tracheal secretions, daily sedation assessment, and administration of deep vein thrombosis (dvt) prophylaxis. The conclusion of this study is that age factors and vap bundles can support the success of ventilator weaning in post-evd patients e.c communicated hydrocephalus, me tb brmc grade ii in the icu room of prof. Dr. I.g.n.g. Ngoerah bali hospital

Febrile seizure rate on toddler was quite high and tended to increase every year. This was because as toddler experiencing febrile seizures they were not properly handled by the parents. Febrile seizure in toddler if not treated quickly can affect the increasing in seizure frequency and can cause death. The capability of mother in handling febrile seizure must be based on the right knowledge of febrile seizure. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of knowledge of the mother before and after health education based on 10 steps in handling febrile seizure on toddler in Bandar Lampung Adventist Hospital. Experimental research method with one group pretest-posttest designed with random sampling technique approach involving 80 mothers with 0 to 5 year old who had fever being hospitalized. The researchers prepared 10 images of steps in handling febrile seizures randomly and asked the respondents to arrange the pictures according to their knowledge. The results were observed to determine their knowledge rearranging as pretest data. Afterward, health education was given about 10 correct steps. Thereafter, reobserved was made and the knowledge in arranging 10 images was obtained as post test data. The knowledge score before health education was 20.75% and after was 83.75%. While the analytical test used paired t test. The results showed a significant relationship between knowledge before and after health education. p value = 0.00 < 0.05. The results showed that the value of tcount (14.26) > t table (2.26). Increased knowledge in mothers reduced the risk of recurrence of febrile seizures in toddler and the nurse who had not tought these steps needed to run regularly to the mothers whose child was being hospitalized.

Knowledge is a fundamental aspect that can influence attitudes and behaviour in seeking parental health services and have an impact on reducing the scope of finding cases of TB in children. The eastern region of Bandung Regency is a densely populated area with a low socioeconomic level and has a high number of TB cases. Knowledge is known to be related to behavior in seeking health services and is one of the factors that influence the behavior of parents who have children with TB. This study aims to determine the relationship between socio-demographic factors that can influence parents' knowledge about TB in children. This research with a correlational descriptive design was carried out using purposive sampling with the criteria of a sample of parents who have children aged 0-14 years and are undergoing TB treatment in the eastern region of Bandung Regency in the 2020–2022-year range. The number of samples involved in this research was 54 people. The questionnaire used in this study was based on the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice (KAP) survey guidelines developed by the World Health Organization. Bivariate data analysis was performed using contingency correlation test. Most parents already have good knowledge about TB (57.4%). Age (p=0.019) is a factor related to parents' knowledge about child TB. Unrelated factors were education (p=0.064), economy (p=0.425), and parents' occupation (p=0.272). The knowledge of parents who have children with a history of TB in the Eastern Region of Bandung Regency regarding childhood Tuberculosis is quite good. This can be influenced by aspects of education, economics, and parents' work. Health workers play a major role in increasing parental knowledge about child TB. Nurses as care givers and educators can involve parents in the process of caring for childhood TB patients and increase knowledge through education and health promotion about TB.

The level of teachers' disaster preparedness in schools is one thing that influences the impact of disasters on children with disabilities, especially earthquakes, which can occur at any time, including during school hours. Therefore, this study aims to determine the description of earthquake disaster preparedness for special school teachers. This study used a quantitative descriptive method with a total sample of 37 teachers at Cileunyi State SLB, and the total sampling technique used was this study. Preparedness measurement for SLB teachers uses instruments modified according to research needs. Data analysis with frequency distribution and results were grouped into ready and unprepared categories. The results showed that 86.5% of teachers were categorized as 'ready'. The best preparedness parameter is disaster knowledge, while the lowest is disaster warning. From the study results, it can be concluded that most SLB teachers are categorized as ready to face earthquake disasters. However, it is expected that efforts to improve aspects of disaster warning can be carried out, such as providing disaster warning tools, especially for children with disabilities.

Hypertension is still the leading cause of death in the elderly. Physiological and degenerative processes in the elderly also cause changes in cholesterol levels. It is known that hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for hypertension. If hypertension and hypercholesterolemia occur in the elderly, it is hazardous for the health of the elderly. Total cholesterol is an important parameter to assess the risk of hypertension. The study aimed to obtain an overview of the total cholesterol profile and the degree of hypertension in elderly hypertension. The research design was a cross-sectional method. Nonprobability sampling with accidental sampling was chosen as a sample selection technique. The sample size was 103. The quantitative descriptive data analysis was presented in a frequency distribution. The results of the study provide an overview of the distribution of elderly hypertension, referring to ACC/AHA classification at hypertension grade I (39.8%), hypertension grade II (35%), and hypertension grade III (25.2%). Meanwhile, the total cholesterol profile was in the desirable range (44.7%), borderline high (26.2%), and high (29.1%). The conclusion that the highest cholesterol levels are in the normal range with the highest degree of hypertension in category I. Future research should examine the factors that cause hypertension in the elderly with normal cholesterol levels.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronical community health problem, and mostly suffered by the elderly. The elderly with DM have several symptoms at night that caused a sleep disorder and it may be affected by the poor quality of sleep.  The poor quality of sleep has several negative impacts to elderly including sleepy in the daylight, a lack of attention, memory disorders, depression, easy to fall, and reduce of the quality of life. There is a need for a study that assesses the sleep quality of elderly with DM. This study used descriptive quantitative approach. The samples were chosen using total sampling technique. This study involved 47 elderly with DM in the primary health center (PHC) Garuda. The data were collected using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Questionnaire that has been adapted for elders. The data were analyzed using distribution frequency. The results showed that the majority of elderly had a poor sleep quality (51%). All elders in this study had sleep disorders, and some of them had behavior that affected   their sleep quality, such as sleeping in a bright room (n=25), sleeping in low temperature room (n=27), and consuming caffeine (n=28). Nurses in the community setting are expected to provide health education to maintenance a good sleep quality, such as the importance of sleeping in the dark and warm temperature room, and avoiding to consume caffeine.

Confidence is essential for nursing students in producing better practice of nursing action skills, so this needs to be supported by good learning media. One of the learning media currently developing is virtual reality simulation, an interactive learning media based on immersive technology that combines real space (reality) with virtual space (virtual). This study aimed to analyze the effect of virtual reality simulation in urinary catheterization on the self-confidence of nursing students. This study used a pre-experiment design with a one-group pretest-posttest design approach. Self-confidence was measured using The Confidence Scale questionnaire, consisting of five items. The sampling technique uses a purposive sampling technique with a minimum total sample is 49 students. The data collected were analyzed using the non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The result showed an increase in the mean value in the post-test results (21.65) compared to the pretest results (16.98), with an average increase of 4.67 points. The statistical test results showed a significant difference after using virtual reality simulation on nursing students' confidence (p <0.05). So, virtual reality simulation is a learning media that influences nursing students' confidence in performing urinary catheterization skills.

Higher interdialytic Weight Gain (IDWG) is commonly experienced by patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Increased IDWG can cause various complications that result in risk of death. CKD patients who had undergoing hemodialysis in the Public Regional Hospital of Indramayu would have different weight gain, but it is not known what factors affect the increase in IDWG. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that were significantly related to the IDWG level in CKD patients in the Public Regional Hospital of Indramayu. This research design is descriptive-analytic. The number of samples was 86 respondents who were selected by consecutive sampling technique. Data collection tools are questionnaires and the data analysis technique is the Pearson chi-square test. From the result from 86 respondents, it is known that 44 (51.2%) respondents experienced an increase in IDWG level at the mild category (<4%). It is known that the factor influencing to level of IDWG are self-efficacy (p-value = 0.000; 95% CI) and fluid intake compliance (p-value = 0.042; 95% CI). Meanwhile, age, sex, education level, family support, and duration of hemodialysis are not influencing the IDWG level (p-value > 0,05; 95% CI). Self-efficacy and fluid intake compliance are the most significant factor on the IDWG level in CKD patients who had hemodialization. Patients with high self-efficacy can reduce the IDWG level accompanied by compliance with fluid restriction. Recommendation for hemodialysis nurses needs to increase the patient’s self-efficacy in limiting fluid so that can be controlled at the IDWG level.

Angka kematian ibu akibat Hipertensi dalam Kehamilan (HDK) masih tinggi. Hal ini dikarenakan keterlambatan mencari pertolongan setelah gejala klinis berkembang menjadi preeklamsi dan eklamsi, yang merupakan komplikasi pengelolaan HDK yang kurang tepat. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk melihat pengaruh rendam kaki pada air hangat dan pemutaran musik klasik pada ibu hamil dengan hipertensi terhadap penurunan tekanan darah. Penelitian Quasi Experimental One Group Pre-test Post-test design ini melibatkan 30 ibu hamil dengan hipertensi dengan teknik sampling Purposive Sampling. Berdasarkan analisis data didapatkan menggunakan paired T-test, setelah diberikan kedua terapi, terdapat penurunan tekanan darah sistolik dengan rata-rata 14,43 mmHg dan penurunan tekanan darah diastolik sebesar 10,83 mmHg dengan nilai p value 0,000 < 0,05, yang berarti ada pengaruh terapi kombinasi terhadap penurunan tekanan darah ibu hamil dengan hipertensi. Terapi ini dapat menjadi alternative dan dapat diaplikasikan pada ibu hamil dengan hipertensi dengan mudah dalam menurunkan tekanan darah.

Patients with peritoneal abscesses who are immobilized are at risk of decubitus ulcer. Various complications in patients such as malnutrition and anaemia in patients cause a decrease in body immunity, causing a high risk of decubitus ulcers and difficulty in wound healing. Massage using Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) and repositioning are combined interventions to reduce the risk and healing of decubitus ulcers. The study aims to determine the results of massage using VCO and repositioning patients with decubitus ulcers in healing and efforts to prevent decubitus ulcer effectively. The study is a case report of the application of massage using VCO and repositioning in a patient with decubitus ulcer with intraperitoneal abscess, pneumonia, malnutrition, and anaemia at Sumedang Regional Hospital. The patient is a 33-year-old woman with grade 2 decubitus ulcers in the sacrum area which appeared red, serum, skin peeling, and shallow holes. The patient was selected for treatment due to the decubitus ulcers, high risk of decubitus ulcers, and the absence of any interventions. Massage with VCO and repositioning were performed twice daily for 6 days. The interventions were carried out consistently by researchers, nurses, patients, and their families. There were a decrease in degree 2 to degree 1 in the patient’s sacrum decubitus ulcers after massage using VCO and repositioning.

Bleeding is the main cause of maternal mortality in the world, the mortality rate due to bleeding about 30.3% in Indonesia in 2013. Dealing bleeding during and after labor is very important for health professionals including nurses. Research on the management of postpartum hemorrhage is still limited. The purpose of this literature review was to determine the management of postpartum hemorrhage from various countries. The method, this literature review involved articles that published in 2008-2018. The articles searched from several databases, including ProQuest, 32 articles, PubMed 22 articles, and Google 21 scholar articles. Keywords for article search included postpartum hemorrhage, nurse, prevention, treatment, management, and intervention. 75 articles were assessed for the quality using the JBI instrument (Joanna Briggs Institute), and finally, 10 articles were found and met the inclusion criteria. The results show that there are two types of actions to deal with postpartum hemorrhage including direct treatment and indirect treatment. The direct treatment includes bimanual compression, maneuvering techniques, balloon tampons, and tools resembling a butterfly shape for bimanual compression. Indirect actions include training of health workers, initiation of early breastfeeding and ice packs. Conclusion, effective management both directly and indirectly is able to overcome postpartum hemorrhage. Health workers are expected to master effective ways to deal with postpartum hemorrhage.

Pain is an unpleasant experience that can be experienced by post sectio caesarea mothers. 88.2% of post sectio caesarea mothers feel pain. Pain is caused by an incision in the abdomen. Postoperative pain management can be done pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically. Slow stroke back massage can be used as an alternative to pain management with a non-pharmacological approach. This study aims to determine the effect of giving slow stroke back massage therapy on post sectio caesarea pain intensity. The research method used was descriptive case study using numeric rating scale (NRS) instrument. The research subjects were 4 respondents with the criteria of second day post sectio caesarea patients with moderate to severe pain intensity. Respondents were divided into intervention and control groups. The study was conducted for one day with a duration of 20 minutes of therapy for each respondent. The results of the case study showed that respondents had an average pain scale of 5. There was a decrease in the pain scale of post sectio caesarea mothers in the intervention group with an average decrease of 2.5 scales. This decrease occurs due to the mechanism of releasing endorphins which play a role in reducing pain perception in the parasympathetic nervous system. The slow stroke back massage intervention has an effect on reducing the pain scale of post sectio caesarea mothers so that it can be applied in the process of providing nursing care in the clinic.

Various efforts have been made optimally in suppressing the upsurge number of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak, but the incidence of confirmed cases continues to increase. Lack of understanding, awareness, and effective communication from the public in responding to the dangers and spread of COVID-19 requires the participation of the community to work together to create strategies to reduce the increase in confirmed cases. Research on community-based prevention of the spread of COVID-19 is still very minimal; more information is needed so that it can be the basis for determining new, more appropriate strategies. This article was written using a literature review method. The aim of this research is to find strategies to prevent the spread of COVID-19 at the community level. The entire article is a non-experimental study and is cross-sectional and observational from the Google Scholar, PubMed, and ERIC (EBSCO) database with a total of nine analysis articles originating from China, Australia, Italy, Indonesia and Saudi Arabia. Keywords used to determine articles are English "(coronavirus disease OR covid-19) AND (community empowerment) AND (prevention program) AND (community health)" and Indonesian "(coronavirus disease OR covid-19) AND (pemberdayaan masyarakat) AND (upaya pencegahan) AND (kesehatan masyarakat)". The results of this review provide an overview of new strategies that can be implemented in the form of the concept of Community-Based Social Containment (CBSC) with the principle of empowerment to accelerate the handling of the spread of COVID-19 at the community level. CBSC is implemented from, by, and for the community in coordinating, planning, monitoring, facilitating, and evaluating the performance of their areas. As a basis for evidance base practice, further research needs to be carried out related to the effectiveness of the implementation of the CBSC concept as concrete evidence that can be applied directly.

Saat ini diperkirakan 9,9 juta anak Indonesia hidup menyandang disabilitas. Orang tua sebagai caregiver utama rentan mengalami penurunan kualitas hidup akibat kesulitan merawat anak dengan disabilitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas hidup orang tua dengan anak disabilitas. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional menggunakan teknik accidental sampling didapatkan 65 sampel yang terdiri dari orang tua dengan anak disabilitas di SLB Negeri Cileunyi. World Health Organization Quality Of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) adalah instrumen untuk mengukur kualitas hidup, terdiri dari 26 butir pertanyaan, dianalisis menggunakan nilai distribusi frekuensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan orang tua rata-rata memiliki kualitas hidup baik pada domain fisik dan psikologis serta sedang pada domain sosial dan lingkungan. Berdasarkan jenis disabilitas, orang tua dengan anak tunadaksa mayoritas memiliki kualitas hidup kategori baik. Berdasarkan faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap kualitas hidup, rata-rata memiliki kategori kualitas hidup sedang hingga baik pada setiap faktor. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah orang tua dengan anak disabilitas rata-rata memiliki kualitas hidup sedang hingga baik. Upaya mempertahankan dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup orang tua ke arah yang lebih baik mungkin diperlukan terutama pada domain hubungan sosial dan lingkungan dengan merancang program yang mampu meningkatkan kepuasan orang tua terhadap hubungan sosial dan lingkungan tempat mereka tinggal.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, pose serious health challenges in coastal communities, which are often socioeconomically and geographically vulnerable. Limited access to healthcare and inadequate preventive health information further worsen these issues. This literature review aims to describe the health profile and associated risk factors of NCDs in coastal populations. A structured search was conducted through PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect using keywords including non-communicable diseases, hypertension, diabetes, coastal community, and risk factors. Inclusion criteria comprised peer-reviewed primary research (quantitative or qualitative), published in English or Indonesian between 2020 and 2025. Of 67 articles identified, 17 met the criteria and were analyzed descriptively. Hypertension emerged as the most frequently studied NCD, followed by diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Commonly reported risk factors included obesity, low physical activity, high sodium intake, smoking, stress, aging, and low socioeconomic status. Some studies also noted the influence of seafood consumption, sleep quality, and comorbid conditions. Among elderly populations, factors such as health insurance and access to health counseling influenced health-seeking behaviors. These findings highlight the urgent need for tailored, community-based strategies to prevent and control NCDs in coastal regions.

Health workers are people who have knowledge and skills through education and also devoted themselves in the health areas. The attitude of health workers has determined the services to the patient including patients with mental disorders. A negative attitude is one of the elements formed the stigma against ODGJ (mental disorder patients) who is the greatest barrier to the treatment and the development of effective treatments. This study aimed to identify the attitude of health workers to people with mental disorders at Puskesmas Jatinangor.The research used quantitative descriptive with the cross-sectional approach. The research used the technique of total sampling from the population. The sample was all health workers in Puskesmas Jatinangor total of 55 people. Data taken by using the instrument of Mental Illness: Clinician's Attitude Scale (MICA) developed by Gabbidon et al (2013). Data analysis used a descriptive analysis of the attitude in the form of the mean and the presentation. The higher the total score more and showed negative attitudes (stigmatization).The results showed that more than half of the total respondents had a positive attitude tend to value the mean 48.78 ± SD 8.993. This can conclude that health workers in Puskesmas Jatinangor had favored attitudes, accepted, and recognized ODGJ. It is recommended to all health workforce would maintain and increase positive attitudes towards ODGJ.