The learning and teaching process of adaptive physical education subject in SLB A or special school A in Surakarta (SLB Negeri Surakarta and SLB A YKAB Surakarta) have faced several obstacles such as the education background of the physical education teachers which are special education background not the physical education background, teachers are still unable to pay attention to the students entirely and to the aspects included in learning implementation, the lack of learning facilities and infrastructure, adaptive physical education learning that generalizes various types of disabilities, and the inactivity of students in participating in the learning process. Therefore, this study aims to discover the implementation of adaptive physical education learning process in SLB A in Surakarta. This study used quantitative method. The approach used in this study was descriptive approach and the research method used was survey method with data collecting technique of observation, questionnaire, and document study. The collecting technique used by the author was by including all of the study’s subjects as the respondents. The collected data was analyzed and tested its validity using triangulation data and triangulation method. The result of this study shows that the Implementation of Adaptive Physical Education Learning in SLB A in Surakarta in the Academic Year of 2019/2020 is lacking based on its influenced factors. Therefore, it is necessary to review and improve the policies in the adaptive physical education learning for visual impaired students.

The purpose of this research was to improve the study result of basic movement in kippers on students in class 4B Bratan 1 State Elementary School No.71 Surakarta school year 2016/2017.This research was a Class Action Research. This research was done in two cycles, with each cycle contains planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this research were 36 students in class 4B Bratan 1 State Elementary School No.71 Surakarta. The sources of data were from teachers, students, and researchers. The techniques of collecting data were observation, test. The validity of the data used data triangle technique. The technique of analyzing the data used descriptive technique which based on the quantitative analysis with percentage.From the analysis, the result obtained from pre-cycle to cycle I and from cycle I to cycle II. This was observed from the study result of the students on pre-cycle. From 36 students, it was only 12 students who passed and 24 students who failed or with percentage 33,3% of students who pass and 66,7% of students who failed. Then the study result which was shown by students from cycle I showed the improvement of 20 students or 55,6% who passed and 16 students or 44,4% who failed. In cycle II, the improvement of the study result was 86,1% or 31 students who passed and 13,9% or 5 students who failed.The conclusion of this research was using the modification of education tool could improve the study result of basic movement in kippers game on students in class 4B Bratan 1 State Elementary School No.71 Surakarta school year 2016/2017.

The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of physical education learning at the elementary school level during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jombang Regency. This research is a quantitative descriptive study using one variable without making comparisons with other variables. The method used is a survey using questionnaires and documentation. The population of the study was all the sports teachers in the Physical Education MGMP members as many as 130 teachers throughout Jombang Regency. The research sample was 100 out of a total of 130 sports teachers in Jombang who were randomly selected according to the percentage of the total number of teachers. The measuring instrument used in the variable of the implementation of physical education learning is a questionnaire with a Likert scale which has a weighted score of 1-5. The research sample filled out the questionnaire given by checking the column and assigning weights according to the five alternative answers provided, ranging from strongly agree, agree, hesitate, disagree, and strongly disagree. The scale for statements is favourable and unfavorable. The results showed that the level of implementation of physical education learning at the elementary school level during the COVID-19 pandemic, all elementary school sports teachers in Jombang Regency were in the "very low" category of 8% (8 teachers), "low" of 15.0% (15 teachers), “medium” by 46% (46 teachers), “high” by 26.0% (26 teachers), and “very high” by 5% (5 students). Based on the average score, which is 89.62, the identification of the implementation level of physical education learning at the elementary school level during the COVID-19 Pandemic Period, all elementary school sports teachers in Jombang Regency were at the "medium" level.

The purpose of this research is to improve learning outcomes in the long jump squat style class VII B SMP Negeri 8 Surakarta in academic year 2017/2018.This study is a classroom action research conducted in two cycles, and each cycle consists of 2 meetings. Research subjects of students of class VII B, amounting to 32 students. The data source comes from students, teachers, andresearchers. Data collection techniques use tests and observations. Data validityis by using data triangulation technique. Data analysis used qualitative descriptive analysis technique using percentage technique.The results of data analysis showed an increase learning outcomes long jump squat style as follows. The percentage of completeness in the pre-cycles is 31.25%or 10 students, unfinished 68.75% or 22 students. The percentage of completeness in the first cycle is 46.88% or 15 students, untargets 53.12% or 17 students. While on the percentage of completeness in the second cycle is 81.25% or 26 students, untargets 18.75% or 6 students. Learning outcomes long jump squat style has reached a target attainment of 80%.Based on the analysis above it can be concluded; that the application of the method of approach play can improve learning outcomes in the long jump squat style class VII B SMP Negeri 8 Surakarta in academic year 2017/2018.

This study aimed to determine the implementation of online sports learning at Vacation High School Batik 1 Surakarta The 2020/2021 academic year. This study used a quantitative descriptive method with a one shot case study approach with one time data collection. The subjects in this study were Class XI students of Vacation High School Batik 1 Surakarta, totaling 66 students. The researcher used two types of data, namely primary and secondary data, for data collection techniques used questionnaires and documentation. The data obtained from the questionnaire results were analyzed and tested for validity using SPSS program version 25 for windows.The results of the research could be explained that the implementation of online sports learning at Vacation High School Batik 1 Surakarta is carried out well by students, namely students on average agree with percentage of 60% based on the planning dimension, 61% agree based on the implementation and learning process dimensions, and 62% agree based on the dimensions evaluation of learning outcomes.This study concluded that the average percentage of students agreeing in Sport Online Learning at Vacation High Schools Batik 1 Surakarta has been said to have been carried out well. It is expected that this research can be useful input for sports teachers in online sports learning and can be used as knowledge and application for PJOK teachers as a study of the development of sports science in the future.

Talent scouting is a namely the innate ability of someone who has potential in sports such as athletics, diving, football. The general aim of this research is to find out the sports talent and potential of children aged 11-12 years who are attending elementary school. The approach in conducting this research is to use a quantitative descriptive method. The population of this study were elementary school students aged 11-12 years, a sample of 100 respondents was taken. The tool used in this study is by carrying out a standardized sport search test. Data analysis techniques were performed using sport search software. The results in this study indicate that this research is included in the very potential category of 0%, while in the potential category there are 2% of students. In the potential enough category there are 17% of students. In the less potential category there are 47% of students, in the non-potential category there are 34% of students. The conclusions in this study indicate that the talents possessed by students at the age of 11-12 years include sprint sports, diving, trampoline, long jump and triple jump, orienteering, and long distance running.Keywords: Sports Talent, Talent Identification, Sport Search Method.

This study investigates phonological deficits in children with dyslexia within the Orangtua Berbagi community, emphasizing the impact on language comprehension and reading skills. Utilizing a psycholinguistic perspective, the research collects structured parental observations, revealing consistent patterns of phoneme confusion, letter reversals, and decoding difficulties. These deficits significantly hinder children’s ability to accurately process and comprehend written and spoken language. Parents report emotional frustration alongside adaptive strategies such as repetition and visual aids. The findings suggest that early identification through phonological screening and active parental involvement, combined with targeted phonics-based interventions, are crucial to support the language development of dyslexic children. This community-based evidence highlights the need for increased awareness and accessible intervention services tailored to phonological challenges.

This research was conducted by analyzing every utterance is contained in the Hacksaw Ridge film subtitle and its translation which represents the bald on record politeness strategy. This study not only aims to describe how the bald on record politeness strategy contained in the Hacksaw Ridge film subtitle from English to Indonesian but also researchers wants to examine the role of translators when faced with the audio-visual field, which has various rules that are not easy for professional translators to follow. In the Hacksaw Ridge film, the researcher found that the majority of utterances representing bald on record politeness strategies were translated using establish equivalent, variation, implicit, explicit, reduction, borrowing, and discursive creation techniques. In bald on record translations that apply the usual equivalent translation technique, it produces translations that are accurate, acceptable, and have a high level of legibility. In addition, the role of translators in the audio-visual field cannot decide for themselves how the translation is applied to audio-visual media. Of course, A translator will be interrupted by the subtitle editor and also the owner of the audio-visual media provider company that uses the translator's services.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan perilaku fungsi gramatikal pada teori X-bar dalam membentuk struktur FN Bahasa Muna Dialek Mawasangka. Selain itu, penelitian ini mencoba mencari rumusan kaidah struktur FN Bahasa Muna Dialek Mawasangka. Data yang dikumpulkan dari observasi melalui informan yang merupakan penutur asli bahasa Muna. Data dikumpulkan dan disusun dengan metode deskriptif. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh frasa nomina bahasa Muna dapat dikombinasikan dengan frasa nomina itu sendiri, namun dengan bantuan preposisi. Selain itu, frasa nomina dapat terdiri dari kata nomina sebagai proyeksi inti yang dikombinasikan dengan numeralia, adjektiva, dan lain-lain.Kata kunci:frasa nomina, teori X-Bar, bahasa Muna

This study aims to describe the use of nominal phrases that show the characterisation of Dilan in the novel Dia adalah Dilanku 1990. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research with syntactic and semantic approaches. The data sources used are sentences containing reference words and noun phrases that present Dilan's characterisation in the novel Dia adalah Dilanku 1990 series by Pidi Baiq. The method of note-taking and reading were conducted in this research. The result of the research shows that there are general pointer demonstrative reference words and third person personal pronominal to characterise Dilan. The types of phrases used in this novel are attributive endocentric, coordinative endocentric, and exocentric nominal phrases.

ABSTRAKMartina Itung Leuwayan (201688201076) Analisis Penggunaan Majas Pada Puisi Sajak Cinta Karya Kyai Haji Mustofa Bisri dibimbing oleh Hanova R.E Retnaningtyas dan Santy Monika.Penelitian ini dilakukan  untuk mendeskripsikan majas yang terdapat dalam kutipan puisi Sajak Cinta karya Gus Mus. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Data dan sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah larik puisi dengan memiliki 8 bait dan 31 larik. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara membaca, menyimak, memahami dan menandai kutipan yang mengandung majas dan mencatat kutipan tersebut. Data yang telah dicatat akan di klasifikasikan ke dalam empat majas yaitu majas repetisi, personifikasi, pleonasme dan hiperbola kemudian diinterpretasikan dan diberi kesimpulan secara keseluruan.Hasil deskripsi Puisi Sajak Cinta Kaya Karyai Haji Mustofa Bisri menunjukan bahwa keempat majas tersebut terdapat dalam puisi Sajak Cinta  keempat majas tersebut adalah majas personifikasi, hiperbola, repetisi dan pleonasme yang dapat melengkapi dan memberi warna terhadap puisi tersebut agar terlihat hidup dan menarik.

This research analyses how young and old people have different views on swearing in conversation. There are several factors including, social, developmental, cultural, and individual factors that shape difference amongst the people. The views on the values are based on philosophical theory. The focus is not only on how people give their point of view on swearing in conversation but also what they think about their suggestion of the use of swearing. This is a qualitative research with sociolinguistic approach and uses observation where there are ten people who are asked to give opinions on swearing. The findings show that there are youngsters who view swearing as a regular phenomenon while the mature ones are rather the opposite. The discussion covers how the different age puts a gap on the understanding and usage of swearing. In conclusion, the opinions from ten people are seemingly contrast but what is similar is the suggestion from the interviewed people which is to adjust the use of swearing carefully.

luas. Film “Yuni” adalah film drama yang berkisah mengenai patriarki yang dialami oleh wanita yang ditulis dan disutradarai oleh Kamila Andini, film ini wajib ditonton bagi masyarakat luas untuk melihat bagaimana perempuan memperjuangan pendidikannya yang serta merta tidak hanya untuk menikah lalu menjadi seorang istri yang mengurusi rumah, ranjang, dan dapur saja. Didalam film “Yuni” ini mengisahkan mengenai pendidikan, pertemanan, sejarah, perjodohan, pendidikan seks, pernikahan dibawah umur, LGBT yang dibahas secara halus, dan  karir. Para tokoh yang terdapat didalam film berasal dari Serang, Banten dan menggunakan bahasa Jawa Serang. oleh karena itu adanya penelitian ini dengan memakai Metode deskriptif kualitatif dan ulasan ini dilakukan melalui bentuk pengumpulan  data, mencatat, serta menyimak film. Lambang bunyi yang digunakan yaitu bahasa Indonesia dengan bahasa Jawa Serang, serta bahasa Sunda dengan bahasa Jawa Serang.

This research aims to describe the functional categories of interrogative words and formulate the structural rules for verb phrase constructions in Minangkabau language using the X-Bar theory. The research data consists of verb phrases in Minang language sourced from native Minang speakers. The research method employed is a qualitative, descriptive approach with data collection techniques involving participant observation followed by note-taking. The data is classified into categories that can combine with verb phrases in their construction. Subsequently, the data is analyzed and presented using an informal method for presenting the results of data analysis. Based on the data analysis, the study reveals findings related to the functional categories of verb phrase constructions in Minangkabau, namely complements and adjuncts. The adjunct function in verb phrase constructions is occupied by auxiliary constructions and the negation of 'not.' Meanwhile, the construction function as complements is occupied by the noun phrase constructions that attach to the verb phrase as patients subjected to the action.

The development of UMKM business is currently high rapid. The reason is becausebusiness is promising and becomes the basis for earning income. On Madura Island, peoplecan be found running this business. In business, of course there is interaction between sellersand buyers. They use language as a communication tool in interaction. Madura Island has alocal language or mother tongue which can be called Madurese. This research focuses on codeswitching used in the social interactions of UMKM actors with their consumers. The methodused in this case is descriptive qualitative. The researcher uses code switching theory designedby Rahardi (2001). According to Rahardi (2001), code switching are divided into two, thereare internal code switching and external code switching. The method used in this research is aqualitative descriptive method. Data collection techniques through direct observation and writethe utterances in conversations that carried out during the interaction. The source data is takenfrom the observation location that name Pelabuhan Timur Kamal Kabupaten Bangkalan. Thedata taken is in the form of utterances between the sellers and the buyers, then transcript inwritten form. The findings of this research show that the code switching occurs in the socialinteractions of sellers with their consumers is internal code switching. There occurs codeswitching from Indonesian into Madurese or vice versa. Sellers respond the utterances ininteractions according to the language used by buyers. There are 14 internal’s code switchingthat found by the researcher from the social interaction between some UMKM actors with theirconsumers in Pelabuhan Timur Kamal Kabupaten Bangkalan.

The purpose of this study to determine the comparative prosody male voice in Lembang tone poem rolls Malay Kayong and Nada Seluang Beranyut. The prosodic aspects studied were the frequency, duration, intensity, and duration in reciting poetry tone Scroll Malay Lembang Kayong and Nada Seluang Beranyut. This research is an acoustic phonetics research using an instrumental approach, namely using a computer with a preat application program. Data for this study come from the poet voice of men who read the poem rolls Malay Lembang Kayong and pitched tone Seluang Beranyut. The results showed the frequency of male voice in a tone of Lembang Indonesia Kayong greater than Nada Seluang Beranyut, a male voice in a tone of Lembang Indonesia Kayong greater than Seluang Beranyut tone, intensity male voice in a tone of Lembang Indonesia Kayong greater than Seluang Beranyut tone and duration of the male voice tone Malay Lembang Kayong faster than Seluang Beranyut tone

The purpose of the research is to describe the types and functions of imperative sentences on political party banners towards the 2024 election in Surakarta City. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The object is imperative sentences, the data used are imperative sentences on banners along with their contexts and the main data sources used are political party banners towards the 2024 elections in the city of Surakarta. The objects are imperative sentences, the data used are imperative sentences on banners along with their contexts and the data sources are written documents of political party banners towards the 2024 elections in Surakarta City. Data collection is done by data source triangulation technique and data collection method triangulation technique. The data source triangulation technique is used to check data from various sources. The method of observation is done by directly observing the object of research, namely imperative sentences on political party banners towards the 2024 elections in Surakarta City. Documentation is used to document political party banners in Surakarta City by photographing them to facilitate the data collection process. This technique is used to record or classify the data according to the types of imperative sentences. The results of this study found imperative sentences with the types, (1) prohibition, (2) order, (3) ordinary, (4) command, (5) request and (6) invitation. The functions of imperative sentences found are (1) the function of conveying a signal, (2) the function of inviting, (3) the function of commanding, (4) the function of requesting and (5) the function of prohibiting

Percy Jackson and The Olympians: The Lightning Thief by Rick Riordan is primarily set in American society and the Gr3ek mythological world. Although it has limited direct correlation with Indonesian society, the novel has gained notable popularity among Indonesian readers. Remarkably, the Indonesian translation introduces linguistic elements that do not exist in the source text, particularly phatic particles such as ‘dong’, ‘deh’, ‘kan’, etc. This study examines how the addition of phatic particles in the Indonesian translation contribute to maintaining natural tone and relatability for Indonesian readers. Using a descriptive and qualitative approach, this study identifies ten types of added phatic particles and evaluates their function and translation strategies and techniques. The analysis reveals the application of domestication, adaptation, modulation, and amplification techniques to align expressions with Indonesian conversational norms. Helper and enlightener strategies are also used to support readers’ comprehension and emotional resonance. The translation choices using phatic particles help readers perceive the cultural and interpersonal contexts while also making necessary adjustments. This study argues that while the addition of phatic particles is part of linguistic compartment, it shows the translator’s cultural awareness of both English and Indonesian languages and her intention to present conversation text with natural tone.

The aim of this study is to analyze the translation of the song lyrics Nemen from Javanese to Arabic, with a focus on pragmatic equivalence in illocutionary speech acts. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a product-oriented translation study. The data for this research consists of the song lyrics of Nemen in Javanese, which are translated into Arabic, sourced from the YouTube channel Kampung Arab Music. The data collection technique employs the listen and note method, where the researcher listens to the song lyrics in Javanese, identifies sentences containing illocutionary speech acts, and records the Arabic translation of those lines. The data analysis technique uses the interactive model, which consists of data collection, data reduction, and data presentation. The results of the study show that pragmatic equivalence can be achieved despite linguistic and cultural differences, while maintaining the illocutionary force in the translation. The illocutionary speech acts translated equivalently include directives, assertives, expressives, and commissives.

This study addresses the need to systematically map the evolving research landscape of ecological affordances within China's foreign language teaching (FLT) context over the past decade (2015–2025). Employing a scoping review methodology, it analyzes relevant literature from the CNKI database using CiteSpace for visual knowledge mapping and cluster analysis. The research aims to identify publication trends, key research themes, influential contributors, and the developmental trajectory of this domain. 1) The findings reveal a field characterized by fluctuating but overall growth, delineated into three developmental phases; 2) Four primary research clusters were identified: Tracing studies on ecological affordances theory, transformational studies, practical studies, and expansions into emerging technological and cultural dimensions; 3) Key scholars and productive institutions, such as Dalian University of Foreign Languages and Shanghai International Studies University, were pinpointed; 4) The evolution of the field demonstrates a clear progression from theoretical importation to localized innovation and from macro-level constructs to nuanced, multi-perspective investigations. The study concludes that ecological affordances research has significantly enriched FLT discourse in China, offering a structured synthesis of its progress and suggesting pathways for further integrating ecological perspectives into pedagogical practice.