Background: Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of high maternal and child mortality worldwide, including Indonesia. Comprehensive studies on the application of non-pharmacological approach in reducing preeclampsia symptoms are still limited. This review aims to identify the effectiveness of non-pharmacological nursing interventions for preeclampsia in pregnant women. Methods: A literature search was conducted to identify relevant articles in three databases of PubMed, EBSCOHost, and Scopus. The studies reviewed were in English on the effectiveness of various non-pharmacological interventions for pregnant women with preeclampsia. The article selection was in accordance to the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews using the terms (“preeclampsia” OR “pre-eclampsia”) AND (“nursing intervention” OR “nursing care”) AND (“blood pressure” OR “blood pressure determination” OR “arterial pressure”). Selected studies were based on original research, either a randomized clinical tial or quasi-experimental studies, focusd on pregnant women or mothers with preeclampsia, and were published in the last ten years (2014-2024). Journal eligibility was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal. Results: The number of articles reviewed was seven. Findings suggest that pharmacologic management plays an important role in the control of preeclampsia, but non-pharmacologic interventions also provide significant benefits with a lower risk of adverse effects. Various non-pharmacological interventions that have been proven effective in reducing blood pressure in pregnant women with preeclampsia are Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR), breathing exercise, stretching exercise, autogenic training, and foot massage. Conclusion: Integration of non-pharmacological interventions in the management of preeclampsia is very important to reduce blood pressure and improve maternal and fetal well-being. Expanding the implementation of the interventions mentioned in the study should be done in further studies to measure its effects on the quality of life of the pregnant women and their compliance in preeclampsia management.Keywords: Nursing interventions, Preeclampsia, Pregnancy

Mortality rates for Covid-19 in Indonesia are about 8.9 %, which is the rate that was the highest in South-East Asia. Research at Rutgers University, New Jersey, of 48 children and adolescents, more than 80 percent of patients had severe conditions. More than 20 percent of patients had organ failure, between one or two organs at once, due to Covid-19 infection. More than 40 percent of patients need a breathing apparatus. One of the efforts to prevent the spreading of Covid-19 is doing hand hygiene following protocol Covid-19. Research objectives are to find an adolescent perception to hand hygiene as an effort to prevent the spread of Covid-19. The type of research was descriptive-analytic. Populations were adolescence over 12 to 18 years old. By using simple random sampling, the samples were found with 82 respondents. The data were collected by questionnaire about the perception of doing hand hygiene to prevent the spreading of Covid-19. The data analysis used is descriptive of the frequency and percentage. The research results obtained 63.41 % of adolescents have negative perceptions, and 36.58 % of adolescents with a positive perception. The lowest perception (46.04 %) is on the item about the need to wash their hands before and after doing an activity. It is hoped that health workers can make an approach through health education and socialization of hand hygiene to adolescents to prevent the spread of Covid-19. And It better in the future can assess all adolescents with qualitative method or mixed with more participants included.Keywords: Covid-19, Hand Hygiene, Perception

Parallel to the operational concrete development stage, school-age children start to develop their skills in logical thinking and problem-solving. They need adequate concentration to grow at the stage successfully. One of the determining factors in achieving such concentration is the quality of sleep. The study aims to analyze the relationship between sleep quality and learning concentration among school-age children. This research is a cross-sectional descriptive quantitative study. The samples were taken by proportional stratified random sampling from 53 respondents of 111 populations. Data were collected using PSQI and concentration questionnaires and analyzed using chi-square. The results indicated that 47 children (88.7 %) had a low sleep quality and 33 children (62.3 %) on a middle range of learning concentration. The statistical analysis showed 58.5 % of children with low sleep quality had a middle learning concentration level and 30.2 % had a low concentration level with a p-value (0.000) < value α (0.05). It can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between the quality of sleep and the level of learning concentration for school-age children at SD IT Al-Maqom Cimahi. Nurses as healthcare professionals can cooperate with the school to provide health education for the students and their parents regarding decent sleep quality and its effect on their growth and development, especially in studying. The parents can modify their children’s daily activities, especially before bedtime. One of them is rules about using gadgets and other electronic media in their bedrooms.

Background: Face-to-face simulation requires a lot of resources, such as space, time, and cost. These obstacles encourage educators to look for learning technologies that can provide realistic learning opportunities and be accessed flexibly, one of which is by using virtual simulations such as 3D simulators. The effectiveness of 3D simulator as learning media can be assessed through student satisfaction and self-confidence.Aim: This study aims to identify nursing students' satisfaction and self-confidence in learning using 3D simulators.Method: The research design used was descriptive quantitative. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with a sample of 67 nursing students. The instrument used was the Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale (SCSL). Data analysis was carried out using univariate analysis.Result:  This study showed that students were very satisfied (M = 4.415; SD = 0.489) and very confident (M = 4.338; SD = 0.419) in learning using a 3D simulator.Conclusion: High satisfaction and self-confidence in using 3D simulators were obtained. The 3D simulator can be a supporting media that can be used in several nursing courses to prepare for practicum and as a medium for reviewing practicum that has been done. Keywords: 3D simulator, satisfaction, self-confidence, virtual simulation

Thalassemia is a blod disorder which various countries pay specific attention to, both develoing and developed countries. Children with thalassemia need long-term treatment and excessive cost. It has become a burden for the family. Mother as a caregiver for thalassemia child is often confrontedby a stressful life related to the child’s illness and the following treatment as well as other couses of stress; such as fear of loss, anxiety, frustration and sadness, and overwhelmed thinking of the child’s recovery can affect the mother’s daily activities, also the quality of life. This systematic review aimed to identify the stress and quality of life of mother with thalassemia children aged 0–18 years. Articles were collected through Google Scholar, PubMed, Proquest, Ebscho databases using the keyword Stress, Qulity of Life, Mother with Thalassemia Child including both quantitative and qualitative studies. The used articles only which were full-text, written in English, and published in 2007 until 2017. There were five articles met the criteria. The results of literature review revealed that the stress faced by the mothers especially when the children must undergo the blood transfusion for once a month. Stress was shown with psychological symptoms that can affect health. The mother’s stress was assessed using the Parental Stress Scale (PSS), and for the quality of life measured by HRQOL SF-12v2, with Likert scale, the lowest score 0 and the highest 100. Found that if the mother’ quality of life also decreased. Conclusion: mothers with thalassemia children then to experience stress, resulting in both physical and psychological impact on the mothers’ health, thus affecting the quality of life. By this literature review, expected that will be more research related to stress and quality of life of mothers with thalassemia children, thus reducing stress on mothers that affect the quality of life.

Older adults are prone to cognitive decline, which impacts their quality of life. While origami therapy is known to improve concentration and fine motor skills, studies on its effect on cognitive function in older adults remain limited. As a non-pharmacological intervention, origami folding offers cognitive stimulation through enjoyable activities. Objective to determine the effectiveness of origami therapy in improving cognitive function in an older adult with cognitive impairment. This study employed a case study design involving a 71-year-old resident of Griya Lansia Garut. The intervention was carried out in six sessions over a period of ten days. Cognitive function was assessed using a standardized cognitive assessment tool on the first and last day of the intervention. The client’s score increased from 18 to 22, which remains within the mild cognitive impairment category but indicates improvement. Enhancements were observed in the client’s ability to follow instructions, recall folding steps, name objects, and orient to time. These findings suggest that origami folding may help enhance cognitive funtion in older adults, particularly in attention, memory, and orientation. Further research with a larger sample size is recommended to explore the broader effectiveness of this intervention.

The aging process will be experienced by the elderly which is a decrease in the ability of the heart that can trigger the occurrence of hypertension. Treatment using herbs is an alternative treatment to overcome hypertension. Some plants that have antihypertensive activity are celery, cat’s whiskers, bay leaves, and noni. This study aimed to identify whether there was a relationship between knowledge of the elderly and the use of anti-hypertensive traditional drugs. This study was a descriptive correlation research with cross sectional approach. The sample of this study were 37 elderly people in one neighborhood of Hegarmanah Village. The sampling technique used total sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaire through interview. The questionnaire consisted of 11 questions, namely 1 question about whether or not using traditional antihypertensive medication, 10 questions for knowledge variables, The results showed that nearly 65% of respondents used traditional antihypertensive drugs and 22% of the elderly had good knowledge. The results of chi-square test showed no significant relationship between the knowledge of the elderly and the use of traditional antihypertensive drugs with p value 0.13. The social culture had influence to make personal decision to use of traditional antihipertensive drugs.

Poor basic sanitation was one of the indirect causes of stunting. Stunting was one of the toddler health problems which characterized by the child's height not according to his age. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the availability of basic sanitation facilities with stunting in toddlers incidence. This research was a correlational quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach. The total population in this study was 465 people in Sukamulya Village, Rancaekek District, Bandung Regency. Samples were taken by purposive sampling technique so that the sample used was 96, with the criteria of parents with toddlers. The instrument used was the RKDU questionnaire instrument originating from primary research which consisted of demographic data, questions related to the availability of latrines, questions related to waste management and questions related to SPAL. Data were analyzed using the chi- square statistical test. The results of statistical tests show that there was no relationship between the availability of basic sanitation facilities and the incidence of stunting in toddlers in Sukamulya Village (p value= 0,366). There are 22 respondents who still have poor sanitation facilities and 31 toddlers who still suffer from stunting. This needs to be give special attention from nurse to provide counseling interventions for sanitation facilities and stunting treatment.

Indonesia is a developing country with relatively high maternal mortality number. One of the influencing factors for that condition is health services at antenatal, intranatal and postnatal period has not been optimized yet. The optimization effort has been done in several countries through health service based on utilization of mobile phone technology called mobile health. The literature study aimed to present information from previous studies about implementation and benefits of mobile health in the maternity nursing care. The literature sources divided into three country categories including Western, non Western and Indonesia and consist of 30 online literatures. The implementation of mobile health in maternity nursing care showed positive impact in knowledge, motivation, and health behavior of the mother. Indonesia as developing country which can be strategic country in utilizing mobile health because of mostly Indonesian is mobile phone users. Nurse in corporation with cross sectors is supposed to develop mobile health in many strategic topics specifically in the effort of reducing the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Indonesia.Keywords : Information technology, maternity, mobile-health, nursing care. Studi Literatur: tentang Implementasi Aplikasi “Mobile Health” di Pelayanan Keperawatan MaternitasAbstrakIndonesia adalah salah satu negara berkembang dengan Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) yang relatif tinggi. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi tinnginya AKI di Indonesia adalah belum optimalnya pelayanan kesehatan pada masa kehamilan, bersalin, dan postpartum. Upaya untuk meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan dibeberapa negara dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknologi berbasis telepon genggam atau disebut dengan “mobile health”. Study literatur ini bertujuan untuk menginformasikan penelitian-penelitian yang sudah dilakukan berkaitan dengan aplikasi dan keuntungan “mobile health” dalam keperawatan maternitas. 30 penelitian berasal dari media online, dibagi menjadi tiga kategori yaitu artikel dari negara Barat, negara non-Barat, dan Indonesia. Implementasi penggunaan “mobile health” pada pelayanan keperawatan maternitas menunjukkan dampak yang positif terhadap pengetahuan, motivasi, dan perilaku kesehatan ibu. Indonesia sebagai negara berkembang sangat strategis untuk pengembangan “mobile health” dikarenakan sebagian besar penduduk Indonesia adalah pengguna telepon genggam. Perawat dapat bekerjasama dengan sektor lain untuk mengembangkan program “mobile health” dengan berbagai topik khususnya berkaitan dengan upaya untuk menurunkan AKI di Indonesia.Kata kunci: Teknologi informasi, maternitas, mobile health, pelayanan keperawatan.

Poor personal hygiene practices can affect the incidence of infectious diseases which in turn can increase the risk of stunting. Several factors influence the practice of personal hygiene in the care of under-five children, namely the level of education and income of parents. The research was to analyze the relationship between parents' education and income level with personal hygiene practices in under-five children's care. The research design is a quantitative correlation with secondary data sources. The population is parents who have under-five children in Sukamulya Village, Bandung. Samples were taken using an accidental sampling technique with a total of 85 respondents, excluding parents whose children died in the under-five age range or whose children were 5 years old at the time of data collection. The instrument is a questionnaire consisting of demographic data and 7 questions related to personal hygiene practices in caring for under-five children. The data were analyzed using the Spearman test. The results showed that there was no relationship between the educational (p-value=0.16) and income (p-value=0.887) level of parents with personal hygiene practices in caring for under-five children in Sukamulya Village, Bandung. The next research suggestion is to examine other factors that influence personal hygiene practices in caring for under-five children.

Pendahuluan: Indonesia terletak di pertemuan tiga lempeng tektonik utama di dunia yang merupakan wilayah teritorial yang sangat rawan bencana alam, salah satunya Kabupaten Jember merupakan wilayah rawan bencana ringan hingga sedang. Bencana alam merupakan fenomena alam yang tidak seorangpun mampu memperkirakan kapan terjadinya dan saat terjadinya bencana, kelompok yang paling rentan dalam situasi darurat bencana salah satunya anak sekolah pada fase middle child memiliki kondisi rentan secara psikologis dan sangat bergantung pada pihak-pihak di luar dirinya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis perbedaan estimasi usia kronologis menggunakan metode Moorrees, Fanning dan Hunt modifikasi Smith pada anak laki-laki dan perempuan. Metode: Pengamatan dengan menganalisis setiap citra radiograf panoramik dan penentuan setiap tahapan perkembangan gigi. Estimasi usia gigi ditentukan sesuai dengan tabel usia tahapan perkembangan metode Moorrees, Fanning dan Hunt (MFH) modifikasi Smith. Data hasil penelitian dilakukan analisis statistik menggunakan uji paired t-test. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan signifikan usia kronologis dengan usia gigi sampel perempuan sebanyak 0,49 – 0,86 tahun dengan nilai p<0,05 dan terdapat perbedaan signifikan usia kronologis dengan usia gigi sampel laki-laki sebanyak -0,02 – 1,19 tahun dengan nilai p<0,05. Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan estimasi usia kronologis menggunakan metode Moorrees, Fanning dan Hunt modifikasi Smith pada anak laki-laki dan perempuan.Kata kunci: metode Moorrees Fanning Hunt modifikasi Smith; panoramik; anak; usia kronologis ABSTRACTIntroduction: Indonesia is located at the confluence of three major tectonic plates in the world, a territorial area prone to natural disasters, one of which is Jember Regency, an area prone to mild to moderate disasters. Natural disasters are natural phenomena with a slight chance of prediction. In disaster emergencies, one of the most vulnerable groups is school children in the middle child phase, who are psychologically vulnerable and very dependent. The purpose of this study was to analyse differences in the chronological age estimation with Smith’s modified Moorrees, Fanning and Hunt method for male and female children. Methods: Observation by analysing each panoramic radiograph image and determining each stage of tooth development. The estimated tooth age was determined using Smith’s modified Moorrees, Fanning and Hunt (MFH) method according to the developmental stage age table. The research data were statistically analysed using the paired t-test. Results: There was a significant difference in chronological age with the dental age of the female children sample (0.49 – 0.86 years) with a p-value < 0.05, and there is also a significant difference in chronological age with the dental age of the male children sample (-0.02 - 1.19 years) with a p-value < 0.05. Conclusions: There are differences in estimating chronological age with Smith’s modified Moorrees, Fanning and Hunt method for male and female children.Keywords: Smith’s modified Moorrees, Fanning, and Hunt method; panoramic; children; chronological age | Pendahuluan: Indonesia merupakan wilayah dengan teritorial rawan bencana. Sebagian besar korban adalah kelompok rentan salah yaitu anak-anak karena memiliki kemampuan yang terbatas ketika merasa takut. Korban seharusnya dapat diidentifikasi dengan cepat untuk membantu mengetahui identitas korban. Metode untuk memprakirakan usia seseorang sebagai tujuan forensik seperti mengamati perkembangan gigi geligi salah satunya Metode Moorrees, Fanning dan Hunt (MFH) modifikasi Smith yang merupakan metode dengan mengamati 3 tahap perkembangan. Metode: Pengamatan dengan menganalisis setiap citra radiograf panoramik dan penentuan setiap tahapan perkembangan gigi. Estimasi usia gigi ditentukan sesuai dengan tabel usia tahapan perkembangan metode Moorrees, Fanning dan Hunt (MFH) modifikasi Smith. Data hasil penelitian dilakukan analisis statistik menggunakan SPSS dengan uji Paired T test. Hasil: Hasil dari penelitian ini terlihat adanya perbedaan usia kronologis dengan usia gigi sampel perempuan sebanyak 0,49 – 0,86 tahun dan terdapat perbedaan usia kronologis dengan usia gigi sampel laki-laki sebanyak -0,02 – 1,19 tahun. Simpulan: Hasil estimasi usia menggunakan metode Moorrees, Fanning dan Hunt modifikasi Smith memberikan hasil yang berbeda terhadap usia kronologis anak laki-laki dan perempuan di Kabupaten Jember.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Oral health is essential to a child’s overall well-being. Poor oral hygiene can result in dental caries, discomfort, and negatively affect daily functions such as eating, speaking, and learning. Traditional education methods like lectures often fail to engage children effectively. This study aims to analyze  the impact of Chomper Chums, a gamified mobile health application, on improving oral hygiene among elementary students at SDK Yahya Bandung. Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial involving 175 students from grades I–VI at SDK Yahya Bandung. Samples were obtained using a total sampling technique and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Oral hygiene was assessed using the Personal Hygiene Performance (PHP) index with Triplaque ID gel. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 27, employing descriptive and inferential statistical tests, including the Chi-square test, Mann–Whitney test, Spearman correlation, and simple linear regression Results: The study was divided into a control group that received health education (n = 87) and an intervention group that used an application (n = 88), with participants aged 7–12 years. The highest frequency distribution was observed in the 10- and 11-year age groups, each comprising 37 students. The results showed that before the intervention there was no significant difference in the Personal Hygiene Performance (PHP) index between the intervention and control groups (p>0.05). After the intervention, the reduction in PHP index in the Chomper Chums application group was significantly greater than in the counseling group (p<0.001). This indicates that the Chomper Chums application is more effective in improving students’ oral hygiene.Conclusion: Chomper Chums demonstrates strong potential as an effective, child-friendly oral health education tool. Further research is recommended for long-term impact evaluation.KEYWORDS: oral hygiene, dental health education, mobile applications, gamification, dental plaque index, randomized controlled trialPengaruh aplikasi chomper chums terhadap indeks PHP siswa sekolah dasar swasta: Studi eksperimentalABSTRAKPendahuluan: Kesehatan gigi dan mulut berperan penting dalam kesejahteraan anak. Kebersihan gigi yang buruk dapat menyebabkan karies, ketidaknyamanan, serta mengganggu aktivitas seperti makan dan belajar. Edukasi tradisional sering kurang menarik bagi anak-anak, sehingga pendekatan inovatif seperti aplikasi digital mulai dikembangkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh aplikasi edukatif Chomper Chums terhadap kebersihan gigi anak di SDK Yahya Bandung. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan randomized controlled trial pada 175 siswa kelas I–VI SDK Yahya Bandung. Sampel diambil dengan teknik total sampling dan dibagi secara acak menjadi kelompok intervensi dan kontrol. Kebersihan gigi diukur menggunakan indeks Personal Hygiene Performance (PHP) dengan gel Tri Plaque ID.  Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan SPSS 27 dengan uji deskriptif dan inferensial, meliputi uji Chi-Square, Mann-Whitney, korelasi Spearman, serta regresi linier sederhana Hasil: Penelitian dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol yang menerima penyuluhan (n=87) dan kelompok intervensi yang menggunakan aplikasi (n=88), dengan rentang usia 7-12 tahun, distribusi frekuensi tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok usia 10 dan 11 tahun (masing-masing 37 siswa). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum intervensi tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna indeks PHP antara kelompok intervensi dan kontrol (p>0,05). Setelah intervensi, penurunan indeks PHP pada kelompok aplikasi Chomper Chums secara signifikan lebih besar dibandingkan kelompok penyuluhan (p<0,001). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi Chomper Chums lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan kebersihan gigi dan mulut siswa. Simpulan: Chomper Chums efektif sebagai media edukasi anak dan diperlukan penelitian lanjutan untuk melihat efek jangka panjangnya.KATA KUNCI: kebersihan mulut, edukasi kesehatan gigi, aplikasi seluler, gamifikasi, indeks plak gigi

ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Permintaan pasien terhadap penerapan teledentistry  di dunia mengalami peningkatan lima kali pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Pasien di berbagai kelompok umur memiliki kepuasan yang tinggi terhadap teledentistry. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan masyarakat dalam menggunakan teledentistry dan mendapatkan informasi tentang hubungan kepuasan masyarakat dengan usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, pengalaman, komunikasi, kemudahan, kenyamanan, keandalan, dan manfaat teledentistry bagi pasien. Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional ini dilakukan pada tahun 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner daring mandiri yang disebarkan menggunakan media sosial. Kuesioner terdiri dari faktor sosiodemografi, dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepuasan dalam menggunakan teledentistry. Uji analisis faktor digunakan untuk menentukan komponen yang berkontribusi sampai pada tingkatan kepuasan. Hasil: Kepuasan masyarakat dalam menggunakan teledentistry di masa pandemi COVID-19 memiliki tiga kategori tingkatan kepuasan, yaitu tiga responden berjenis kelamin perempuan yang memiliki tingkatan kepuasan moderat (skor 68-88), 137 responden berjenis kelamin laki-laki puas dalam menggunakan teledentistry (skor 89-109), dan 135 responden berjenis kelamin perempuan sangat puas dalam menggunakan teledentistry (skor 110-130). Penelitian ini menemukan terdapat 12 kombinasi pemodelan yang dapat berasosiasi secara signifikan dengan kepuasan masyarakat dalam menggunakan teledentistry selain jenis kelamin dan pendidikan. Kesimpulan: Kepuasan masyarakat dalam menggunakan teledentistry di Indonesia hampir sama dengan kepuasan pasien di berbagai negara. Rasa puas dalam menggunakan teledentistry dapat meningkatkan akses ke pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut.Kata kunci: teledentistry; kepuasan; komunikasi; COVID-19 ABSTRACTIntroduction: Patient demand for the application of teledentistry in the world has increased five times during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients in various age groups have high satisfaction with Teledentistry. Determine the level of community satisfaction in using teledentistry and obtain information about the relationship of community satisfaction with age, gender, education, experience, communication, convenience, comfort, reliability, and benefits of teledentistry for patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022. This study used an independent daring questionnaire distributed using social media. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic factors, and factors related to satisfaction in using teledentistry. The factor analysis test is used to determine the components that contribute to the level of satisfaction. Results: Community satisfaction in using teledentistry during COVID-19 pandemic has three categories of satisfaction level, namely three female respondents who have a moderate level of satisfaction (score 68-88), 137 male respondents are satisfied in using teledentistry (score 89-109), and 135 female respondents were very satisfied in using teledentistry (110-130). This study found that there are 12 combinations of modeling that could be significantly associated with community satisfaction in using teledentistry other than gender and education. Conclusions: Community satisfaction in using teledentistry in Indonesia is almost the same as patient satisfaction in various countries. Satisfaction in using teledentistry can increase access to dental and oral health services.Keywords: teledentistry; satisfaction; communication; COVID-19

Pendahuluan: Pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dengan cara menyikat gigi dan penggunaan obat kumur dapat mencegah pembentukan biofilm oral yang dipelopori oleh Streptococcus sanguinis. Kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) adalah kulit buah yang telah diketahui memiliki aktifitas antibakteri. tujuan penelitian mengetahui daya anti bakteri ekstrak etanol kulit buah manggis (Garcinia Mangostana L.) terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10556. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif, untuk mengetahui uji daya antibakteri ekstrak etanol kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) pada Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10556. Populasi bahan uji penelitian ini adalah kulit buah  manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) yang ada di Kota Bogor. Sampel yang digunakan adalah kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) yang didapat dari kebun budidaya IPB Bogor. Metode uji hambat yang dinilai dengan menggunakan metode disk diffusion. Hasil: Diameter zona hambat paling besar terdapat pada konsentrasi 200.000 ppm dengan diameter rata-rata 12,55 mm, di ikuti dengan konsentrasi 100.000 ppm dengan diameter rata-rata 11,2 mm, kemudian konsentrasi 50.000 ppm dengan diameter rata-rata 10,3 mm, selanjutnya konsentrasi 20.000 ppm dengan konsentrasi rata-rata 10,05 mm, kosentrasi 10.000 ppm dengan diameter rata-rata 8,2 mm, konsentrasi 2.000 ppm dengan diameter rata-rata 7,1 mm dan diameter zona hambat paling kecil terdapat pada konsentrasi 1.000 ppm dengan diameter 6,9 mm. Simpulan: Ekstrak etanol kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) memiliki daya antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10556.Kata kunci: Daya antibakteri, ekstrak etanol kulit buah manggis, Garcinia mangostana L., Streptococcus sanguinis

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Tongue thrusting is a common parafunctional habit that occurs when the tongue comes into contact with the anterior teeth during swallowing. Myofunctional appliance, or functional appliance, are orthodontic devices that can be used to treat tongue thrusting. This systematic review aims to determine the effectiveness of using myofunctional appliances in children with tongue thrusting habits. Methods: The research procedures for this systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines. Articles were searched using the keywords (myofunctional appliance OR functional appliance) AND (mixed dentition) AND (tongue thrust OR tongue thrusting) in databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar, covering the period from 2013 to 2023. The inclusion criteria were studies discussing the use of myofunctional appliances in children in the mixed dentition stage with tongue thrusting habits. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were evaluated for quality using the JBI critical appraisal tools. Results: A total of 5 articles meeting the inclusion criteria indicated that myofunctional appliance can eliminate tongue thrusting habits in children by correcting atypical swallowing patterns and improving tongue positioning. Conclusion: Tongue thrusting habits in children can be eliminated using myofunctional appliances. The success of the treatment depends on the child’s compliance and cooperation.KEYWORDS: Myofunctional appliance, functional appliance, tongue thrusting, mixed dentitionPenggunaan alat miofungsional pada anak dengan kebiasaan tongue thrusting: ulasan sistematikABSTRAKPendahuluan: Tongue thrusting adalah kebiasaan parafungsional yang umum terjadi ketika lidah berkontak dengan gigi anterior saat menelan. Alat miofungsional, atau alat fungsional, merupakan salah satu alat ortodonti yang dapat digunakan untuk menangani tongue thrusting. Tujuan tinjauan sistematik ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan alat miofungsional pada anak dengan kebiasaan tongue thrusting. Metode: Prosedur penelitian dalam tinjauan sistematik ini mengikuti pedoman PRISMA. Pencarian artikel dilakukan dengan memasukkan kata kunci (myofunctional appliance OR functional appliance) AND (mixed dentition) AND (tongue thrust OR tongue thrusting) pada database PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, EBSCOhost, dan Google Scholar dalam rentang waktu 2013-2023. Kriteria inklusi mencakup studi yang membahas penggunaan alat miofungsional pada anak di tahapan mixed dentition yang memiliki kebiasaan tongue thrusting. Artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dievaluasi kualitasnya menggunakan JBI critical appraisal tools. Hasil: Sebanyak 5 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi menunjukan bahwa alat miofungsional dapat menghilangkan kebiasaan tongue thrusting pada anak dengan mengoreksi pola menelan yang tidak normal (atypical swallowing) dan memperbaiki posisi lidah. Simpulan: Kebiasaan tongue thrusting pada anak dapat dihilangkan menggunakan alat miofungsional. Keberhasilan perawatan bergantung pada sikap kepatuhan dan kooperatif pada anak.KATA KUNCI: Alat miofungsional, alat fungsional, tongue thrusting, mixed dentition | ABSTRACTIntroduction: Tongue thrusting is a common parafunctional habit that occurs when the tongue comes into contact with the anterior teeth during swallowing. Myofunctional appliance, or functional appliance, are orthodontic devices that can be used to treat tongue thrusting. This systematic review aims to determine the effectiveness of using myofunctional appliances in children with tongue thrusting habits. Methods: The research procedures for this systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines. Articles were searched using the keywords (myofunctional appliance OR functional appliance) AND (mixed dentition) AND (tongue thrust OR tongue thrusting) in databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar, covering the period from 2013 to 2023. The inclusion criteria were studies discussing the use of myofunctional appliances in children in the mixed dentition stage with tongue thrusting habits. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were evaluated for quality using the JBI critical appraisal tools. Results: A total of 5 articles meeting the inclusion criteria indicated that myofunctional appliance can eliminate tongue thrusting habits in children by correcting atypical swallowing patterns and improving tongue positioning. Conclusion: Tongue thrusting habits in children can be eliminated using myofunctional appliances. The success of the treatment depends on the child’s compliance and cooperation.KEYWORDS: Myofunctional appliance, functional appliance, tongue thrusting, mixed dentitionPenggunaan alat miofungsional pada anak dengan kebiasaan tongue thrusting: ulasan sistematikABSTRAKPendahuluan: Tongue thrusting adalah kebiasaan parafungsional yang umum terjadi ketika lidah berkontak dengan gigi anterior saat menelan. Alat miofungsional, atau alat fungsional, merupakan salah satu alat ortodonti yang dapat digunakan untuk menangani tongue thrusting. Tujuan tinjauan sistematik ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan alat miofungsional pada anak dengan kebiasaan tongue thrusting. Metode: Prosedur penelitian dalam tinjauan sistematik ini mengikuti pedoman PRISMA. Pencarian artikel dilakukan dengan memasukkan kata kunci (myofunctional appliance OR functional appliance) AND (mixed dentition) AND (tongue thrust OR tongue thrusting) pada database PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, EBSCOhost, dan Google Scholar dalam rentang waktu 2013-2023. Kriteria inklusi mencakup studi yang membahas penggunaan alat miofungsional pada anak di tahapan mixed dentition yang memiliki kebiasaan tongue thrusting. Artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dievaluasi kualitasnya menggunakan JBI critical appraisal tools. Hasil: Sebanyak 5 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi menunjukan bahwa alat miofungsional dapat menghilangkan kebiasaan tongue thrusting pada anak dengan mengoreksi pola menelan yang tidak normal (atypical swallowing) dan memperbaiki posisi lidah. Simpulan: Kebiasaan tongue thrusting pada anak dapat dihilangkan menggunakan alat miofungsional. Keberhasilan perawatan bergantung pada sikap kepatuhan dan kooperatif pada anak.KATA KUNCI: Alat miofungsional, alat fungsional, tongue thrusting, mixed dentition

Pendahuluan: Buah naga super merah (Hylocereus costaricensis) merupakan tanaman herbal namun sekitar 30-35% kulitnya seringkali dibuang sebagai sampah. Kulit buah naga super merah memiliki kandungan polifenol, alkaloid, terponoid, flavonoid, antosianin, dan antibakteri yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan jenis yang lain dan dagingnya. Penyebab kegagalan perawatan saluran akar salah satunya dapat disebabkan oleh bakteri Enterococcus faecalis (gram positif). Enterococcus faecalis adalah penyebab infeksi persisten pasca perawatan saluran akar. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis potensi ekstrak etanol kulit buah naga super merah untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Enterococcus faecalis dalam perawatan saluran akar gigi. Metode:  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental secara in vitro dengan hasil dianalisis secara statistik melalui uji one-way ANOVA menggunakan SPSS 2016, dilanjutkan dengan uji post-hoc Tukey untuk menguji kelompok yang paling optimal terhadap 6 kelompok yaitu ekstrak etanol kulit buah naga super merah dengan konsentrasi 120mg/L, 60mg/L, 30mg/L, 15mg/L (kelompok perlakuan), klorheksidin 2% (kontrol positif), dan akuades (kontrol negatif). Masing-masing kelompok dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak 5 kali pada media Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) yang diaplikasikan menggunakan paper disc 6mm, kemudian dihitung diameter zona hambatnya menggunakan jangka sorong analitik. Hasil: Penelitian ini didapatkan ekstrak etanol kulit buah naga super merah berpotensi menghambat Enterococcus faecalis dengan konsentrasi 120mg/L paling efektif yaitu rerata diameter zona hambat sebesar 8,8mm dibandingkan dengan konsentrasi 60mg/L sebesar 8,62mm, konsentrasi 30mg/L sebesar 7,56mm, konsentrasi 15mg/L sebesar 6,68mm, kontrol positif sebesar 8,71mm, dan kontrol negatif sebesar 0 mm.  Terdapat besar daya hambat minimum secara bermakna dengan nilai p=0,001 (p≤0,05) dan berpotensi sebagai cairan irigasi perawatan saluran akar. Simpulan: Ekstrak etanol kulit buah naga super merah berpotensi menghambat bakteri Enterococcus faecalis sebagai cairan irigasi dalam perawatan saluran akar gigi.Kata kunci: Daya hambat, ekstrak Hylocereus costaricensis, Enterococcus faecalis. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Super red dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis) is a widely known natural remedy. However, about 30-35% of its peel of-ten disposed of as waste. Super red dragon fruit peel contains polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and antibacterials higher than other red dragon fruits and the pulp. One of the causes of root canal treatment failure is En-terococcus faecalis (gram-positive bacteria). Enterococcus faecalis causes persistent infection after root canal treatment. The purpose of this study was to analyse the potential of the ethanol extract of super red dragon fruit peel to inhibit the growth of Enterococcus faecalis in root canal treatment. Methods: This research was an experimental in-vitro, in which the results were analysed statistically with the one-way ANOVA test using SPSS 2016 software, followed by Tukey post-hoc test to determine the most optimal group amongst six groups: the ethanol extract of super red dragon fruit peel with a concentration of 120 mg/L, 60mg/L, 30mg/L, 15mg/L, respectively (treatment groups); 2% chlorhexidine (positive control group); and distilled water (negative control). Each group was repli-cated five times on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) media, which was applied using a 6mm paper disc, then the inhibition zone diameter was measured using an analytic calliper. Results: The ethanol extract of super red dragon fruit peel has the potential to inhibit Enterococcus faecalis, with the most effective concentration of 120mg/L, with the average diameter of the inhibition zone was 8.8mm. The inhibition zone of the concen-tration of 60mg/L was 8.62mm, the concentration of 30mg/L was 7.56mm, the concentration of 15mg/L was 6.68mm, positive control was 8.71mm, and negative control was 0mm. There was a significant minimum inhibitory potential with the p-value=0.001 (p≤0.05); therefore, had the potential as a root canal treatment irrigation solution. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of super red dragon fruit peel has the potential to inhibit Enterococcus faecalis as an irrigation solution in root canal treatment.Keywords: Inhibition, Hylocereus costaricensis extract, Enterococcus faecalis.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Drug abuse can lead to dependence and result in various health problems, particularly affecting oral health, including dental caries and periodontal disease. These oral health issues may further compromise the overall oral condition of individuals with Substance Use Disorder (SUD). This study aimed to determine the oral and dental health status of individuals with SUD at the Lido Rehabilitation Center of the National Narcotics Agency. Methods: This study was an observational descriptive study with a cross-sectional design, using a purposive (non-probability) sampling method. Data were collected through clinical examination using WHO caries index, converted into DMF-T, OHI-S, Gingival Index, Periodontal Pocket Depth, and tooth mobility among 101 respondents. Results: Of the 101 respondents, 98 (97%) presented with dental caries, while 3 (3%) were caries-free, with an average DMF-T score of 9.43. The majority of respondents demonstrated good oral hygiene (53%) and mild gingival inflammation (53%). Additionally, tooth mobility was rarely observed, and most respondents exhibited normal periodontal pocket depth. Specifically, 61 out of 101 respondents had normal periodontal pocket measurements. Conclusions: Individuals with SUD at the National Narcotics Agency Rehabilitation Center in Lido exhibit a high prevalence of dental caries, despite presenting with generally good oral hygiene, mild gingival inflammation, normal periodontal pocket depth, and minimal tooth mobility.KEY WORDS: individual with substance use disorder, caries, oral hygiene, periodontal disease.Status kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada penyalahguna narkoba : Studi cross sectionalABSTRAKPendahuluan: Penyalahgunaan narkoba dapat menyebabkan ketergantungan dan menimbulkan masalah kesehatan tubuh, terutama kesehatan gigi dan mulut seperti karies dan penyakit periodontal. Masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut tersebut dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan gigi dan mulut terhadap pengguna narkoba. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui status kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada penyalahguna narkoba di Balai Besar Rehabilitasi Badan Narkotika Nasional Lido. Metode: Penelitian observasional deskriptif dengan rancangan cross-sectional dan metode purposive sampling (non - probability sampling). Pengambilan data dengan pemeriksaan klinis berupa indeks WHO yang diubah menjadi DMF-T, OHI-S, Gingival Index, kedalaman poket periodontal, dan kegoyangan gigi pada 101 responden. Hasil: Sebanyak 101 responden, 98 (97%) responden yang mengalami karies dan 3 (3%) responden tidak mengalami karies atau sehat dengan nilai rerata DMF-T 9,43. Sebagian besar responden memiliki kebersihan gigi dan mulut dalam kategori baik (53%) dan tingkat keparahan gingivitis kategori peradangan ringan (53%). Selain itu, hampir tidak ditemukan kegoyangan gigi pada seluruh responden dan sebagian besar gigi memiliki kedalaman poket periodontal normal. Kedalaman poket periodontal adalah normal pada 61 responden dari total 101 responden. Simpulan: Penyalahguna narkoba di Balai Besar Rehabilitasi Badan Narkotika Nasional Lido memiliki prevalensi karies yang tinggi walaupun tingkat kebersihan gigi dan mulut dalam kategori baik, tidak ada peradangan gingiva, tidak ada kedalaman poket periodontal, dan tidak ada kegoyangan gigi pada sebagian besar responden.KATA KUNCI: penyalahguna narkoba, kebersihan gigi dan mulut, karies, penyakit periodontal.

ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Pasca perawatan ekstraksi gigi ini tentu akan menimbulkan luka. Luka pasca ekstraksi gigi secara fisiologis akan mengalami proses penyembuhan yang terdiri atas penyembuhan jaringan lunak dan jaringan keras secara bersamaan. Angiogenesis memiliki peran yang penting dalam kesiapan jaringan untuk mensuplai nutrisi. Perawatan pasca ekstraksi gigi memerlukan metode untuk mempercepat penyembuhan. Salah satunya dapat menggunakan kombinasi scaffold hidroksiapatit gipsum puger (HAGP) dengan aloe vera. Tujuan penelitian menganalisis potensi kombinasi Scaffold gipsum puger dengan lidah buaya (aloe vera) terhadap angiogenesis pada soket gigi pasca ekstraksi gigi tikus wistar jantan. Metode: Jenis penelitian eksperimental laboratorium 32 ekor tikus dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok: Kelompok diberlakukan ekstraksi gigi (K), kelompok diberlakukan ekstraksi gigi dan diberikan scaffold aloe vera (PI), kelompok diberlakukan ekstraksi gigi dan diberikan scaffold HAGP (PII), serta kelompok ekstraksi gigi dan diberikan scaffold HAGP dan aloe vera (PIII). Ekstraksi gigi dilakukan pada gigi M1 rahang bawah kiri. Tikus di euthanasia sesuai dengan masing – masing kelompok. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Anova Least Significant Difference (LSD). Hasil: Kombinasi scaffold HAGP dan aloe vera berhasil meningkatkan angiogenesis pada hari ke-7, tetapi gagal menurunkan atau menstabilisasi angiogenesis pada hari ke-14 pada kelompok perlakuan. Hasil uji One Way Anova dan LSD menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan jumlah fibroblas pada seluruh kelompok sampel (p<0,005). Simpulan: Potensi kombinasi scaffold gipsum puger (HAGP) dan lidah buaya (aloe vera) kurang efektif dalam proses angiogenesis pada hari ke 14 pasca ekstraksi gigi tikus Wistar jantan.Kata kunci: angiogenesis; ekstraksi gigi; scaffold; hidroksiapatit gipsum puger; aloe vera ABSTRACTIntroduction: Tooth extraction will certainly cause wounds. Post-extraction wounds will physiologically undergo a healing process consisting of soft tissue and hard tissue healing simultaneously. Angiogenesis has an essential role in the readiness of tissues to supply nutrients. Therefore, treatment after tooth extraction requires healing acceleration. One of them uses the combination of hydroxyapatite gypsum puger (HAGP) and aloe vera scaffold. The study aimed to analyse the potential of the combination of hydroxyapatite gypsum puger and aloe vera scaffold on angiogenesis of the post-extraction socket of male Wistar rats. Methods: In this experimental laboratory research, 32 rats were divided into four groups: Group with tooth extraction (K) only; Group with tooth extraction, and administered with aloe vera scaffold (PI); Group with tooth extraction, and administered with HAGP scaffold (PII); Group with tooth extraction, and administered with a combination of hydroxyapatite gypsum puger and aloe vera scaffold. Tooth extraction was performed on the left mandibular M1. Rats were euthanised according to each group determined by days. The data were analysed using the ANOVA and Least Significant Difference (LSD) tests. Results: The combination of HAGP and aloe vera scaffold increased angiogenesis on the seventh day. However, it failed to reduce or stabilise angiogenesis on the fourteenth day in the treatment group. The one-way ANOVA and LSD tests showed significant differences in the number of fibroblasts in all sample groups (p<0.005). Conclusions: The potential of the combination of hydroxyapatite gypsum puger and aloe vera scaffold is less effective in the angiogenesis process on the fourteenth-day post-extraction of male Wistar rats.Keywords: angiogenesis, tooth extraction; scaffold; hydroxyapatite gypsum puger; aloe vera

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Dental aesthetics and smiles play an important role in shaping a person's perception of their own appearance and that of others. This study was conducted to determine the perception of dental aesthetics and smiles among medical students, as factors such as age, gender, and educational level can influence a person's aesthetic judgment. Methods: This study is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. The study utilized a questionnaire comprising 15 questions using the Gutmann scale, with response options of YES or NO. Data collection was conducted in November 2022. The study respondents were 201 medical students, selected using stratified random sampling. The responses selected by the respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Respondents aged 22 years had the highest positive perception at 75.0%, while the lowest percentage was among respondents aged 17 years at 40.0%. Male respondents had a more positive self-perception at 70.7%, while female respondents had 47.6%. Based on academic level, respondents in their fourth year (class of 2019) had a positive perception of 71.4%, while respondents in their first year (class of 2022) had a positive perception of 38.8%. Students from the Dentistry Program had the highest percentage based on educational background, at 59.4%. Conclusion: The highest positive perception was among respondents aged 22 years. Male respondents had a more positive perception. Based on academic level, the highest positive perception was among respondents with a higher academic level, and based on educational background, the highest positive perception was among respondents from the Dental Medicine Program.KEY WORDS: Self-Perception, dental aesthetics, smile aesthetics, smile, academicPersepsi Estetika Gigi dan Senyum pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran : Studi cross-sectionalABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Estetika gigi dan senyum memainkan peranan penting dalam membentuk persepsi seseorang terhadap penampilan dirinya maupun orang lain. Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi estetika gigi dan senyum pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran, karena faktor seperti usia, jenis kelamin dan tingkat pendidikan dapat mempengaruhi penilaian estetika seseorang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi estetika gigi dan senyum pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain penelitian cross-sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner yang memuat 15 pertanyaan dengan menggunakan skala Guttman dengan alternatif pertanyaan YA atau TIDAK. Pengambilan data dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2022. Responden penelitian mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran yang berjumlah 201 mahasiswa dan menggunakan teknik stratified random sampling. Jawaban yang dipilih responden dianalisis menggunakan metode descriptive statistics. Hasil: Responden dengan usia 22 tahun memiliki persepsi positif dengan persentase tertinggi yaitu 75.0%, persentase terendah yaitu pada responden dengan usia 17 tahun hanya 40.0%. Responden laki-laki lebih memiliki persepsi diri yang positif yaitu 70.7% dan responden perempuan hanya 47.6%. Mahasiswa berdasarkan tingkat akademik, responden tingkat 4: angkatan 2019 memiliki persepsi diri positif yaitu 71.4% dan pada responden tingkat 1: angkatan 2022 sebanyak 38.8% dan Program Studi Kedokteran Gigi memiliki persentase tertinggi berdasarkan latar belakang pendidikan responden, yaitu sebanyak 59.4%. Simpulan: Persepsi positif paling banyak adalah pada responden yang dengan usia 22 tahun. Responden laki-laki memiliki persepsi yang lebih positif. Berdasarkan tingkat akademik, persepsi positif paling banyak adalah pada responden dengan tingkat akademik yang lebih tinggi, dan berdasarkan latar belakang pendidikan, persepsi positif paling banyak adalah pada responden Program Studi Kedokteran Gigi.KATA KUNCI: Persepsi diri, estetika gigi, estetika senyum, senyum, pendidikan

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Bimaxillary protrusive has characteristics are convex profile, class 1 molar relation, protrusive maxillary and mandibular incisors. Extraction of four maxillary and mandibular first premolar teeth is a treatment option. Mc Namara cephalometric analysis was used to evaluate the variables of soft tissue and hard tissue variables in the sagittal and vertical directions thoroughly. The aim of this study was to measure the differences before and after treatment bimaxillary protrusive class I malocclusion treatment accompanied by extraction of four first premolars at the PPDGS Orthodontic Clinic FKG UNPAD with Mc Namara cephalometry analysis. Methods: This research is a descriptive comparative analytic study. Samples are lateral cefalograms before and after treatment as many as 15 bimaxillary protrusive class I malocclusion patientst, which were taken by purposive sampling method, the data processed and analyzed by paired t-test. Results: Variable upper lip canting (p<0.05), mandibular plane angle (p<0.05), maxillary incisor to point A distance (p<0.05), mandibular incisor to APog distance. (p<0.05) indicates a significanting difference. Variable nasolabial angle p>0.05), point A to N perpendicular (p>0.05), condylion to point A (p>0.05), condylion to gnation (p>0.05), LAFH (p>0.05), facial axis angle (p> 0.05), pogonion to N perpendicular (p>0.05) indicates an insignificanting difference. Conclusions: Significanting differences before and after treatment seen in mandibular plane angle, maxillary incisor distance to point A, mandibular incisor distance to Apog, upper lip cantinging. Meanwhile nasolabial angle, point A to N perpendicular, condylion to point A, condylion to gnation, facial axis angle, pogonion to N perpendicular showed insignificanting results.KEY WORDS: protrusive, incisive, cephalometry, analysisPerbedaan hasil analisis sefalometri McNamara sebelum dan sesudah perawatan maloklusi kelas I protrusif bimaksilerABSTRAKPendahuluan: Protrusif bimaksiler mempunyai karakteristik profil konveks, relasi molar kelas 1, insisif rahang atas dan bawah protrusif. Ekstraksi empat gigi premolar rahang atas dan bawah menjadi pilihan perawatan.  Analisis Mc Namara mengevaluasi variabel jaringan lunak, keras dalam arah sagital dan vertikal secara menyeluruh. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengukur perbedaan hasil analisis sefalometri Mc Namara sebelum dan sesudah perawatan maloklusi kelas I protusif bimaksiler dengan pencabutan empat premolar rahang atas dan bawah di Klinik PPDGS Ortodonti FKG UNPAD. Metode: Penelitian bersifat deskriptif analitik komparatif. Sampel berupa sefalogram lateral sebelum dan sesudah perawatan dari 15 pasien maloklusi kelas I protrusif bimaksiler yang dirawat dengan ekstraksi empat gigi premolar rahang atas dan rahang bawah di klinik PPDGS FKG UNPAD,  diambil dengan metode purposive sampling, diolah dan dianalisis dengan t-test berpasangan. Hasil: Variabel canting bibir atas (p<0,05), sudut bidang mandibula (p<0,05), jarak insisif RA ke titik A (p<0,05) dan jarak insisif RB ke APog (p<0,05) menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan. Pengukuran variabel sudut nasolabial (p>0,05), titik A terhadap N perpendicular (p>0,05), condylion ke titik A (p>0,05), condylion ke gnation (p>0,05), LAFH (p>0,05), facial axis angle (p>0,05) dan pogonion ke N perpendicular (p>0,05) menunjukkan hasil yang tidak signifikan. Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan analisis Mc Namara sebelum dan sesudah perawatan pada sudut bidang mandibula, jarak insisif atas ke titik A, jarak insisif bawah ke APog, cantinging bibir atas. Tidak terdapat perbedaan pada titik A terhadap N perpendicular, condylion ke titik A, condylion ke gnation, pogonion ke N perpendicular, sudut nasolabial dan facial axis angle.KATA KUNCI: protrusif, insisif, ekstraksi, sefalometri, analisis