The urgency of this research is motivated by the urgent need for teachers' Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge competency related to the rapid advancement of information technology, which affects the efficiency and effectiveness of the learning process and the development of student characteristics holistically. Therefore, this study aims to develop the TPACK-IDD IRR method to improve teachers' TPACK competency and evaluate the contribution of this method in improving each TPACK domain. The research method is design based research, focusing on the design, development, and evaluation of educational interventions. The stages of model development are applied to the ADDIE development model. The implementation of TPACK IDD IRR consists of the stages of Introduction, Demonstration, Development, Implementation, Reflection, and Revision. The sample size consists of 120 pre-service teachers in the field of economics. Data collection techniques by observation and survey with observation guide instruments and questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. The effectiveness of the model uses a one-sample t-test to identify differences in TPACK domain scores before and after the implementation of the IDD IRR strategy. The results of the study indicate that the IDD IRR model, which integrates discussion, simulation, and project-based learning methods, positively influences the TPACK competency of economics teachers. Ultimately, this study concludes that the IDD IRR strategy effectively enhances the TPACK competency of prospective economics educators, preparing them to face the challenges of modern teaching.

In order to reach the goal of Indonesia Emas 2045, it is very important to support small and medium-sized businesses, known as MSMEs. However, looking at the unemployment rate in Indonesia, which is 7.99 million people, we see that many people still have a hard time finding jobs, even though they could start their own businesses. This research wants to look at how teaching entrepreneurship can boost the desire to become an entrepreneur, with the help of entrepreneurial mindset and positive feelings among university students. This research is a type of study that can be confirmed. The group of people studied in this research includes undergraduate students from Maranatha Christian University, and the sample includes 172 students who are currently taking or have already taken entrepreneurship classes. The way the samples were chosen was through a method called non-probability sampling with purposive sampling, and information was gathered by handing out surveys. The data collected were analyzed using the Smart PLS software. The study's findings show that education in entrepreneurship does not have a direct effect on the desire to become an entrepreneur. However, entrepreneurship education does positively affect feelings and the entrepreneurial mindset. Therefore, the study concludes that education in entrepreneurship influences the desire to become an entrepreneur, with the help of an entrepreneurial mindset and positive feelings. The results of this research highlight how important these four factors are in the world of entrepreneurship.

Entrepreneurial intention needs to be considered by the Indonesian government when creating entrepreneurs, especially among students who have the potential to become entrepreneurs. Two psychological variables influence entrepreneurial intention in students. This study aims to test the effect of perceived behavioral control on entrepreneurial intention by involving self-efficacy as a mediator variable. This study uses a quantitative method, using Hayes' Process Macro analysis and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program. The research subjects involved in this study were 199 active students. This study obtained a BootLLCI value of 0.1576, which is greater than BootULCI 0.418, which shows that self-efficacy does have a significant influence as a mediator between perceived behavioral control and entrepreneurial intention in students. This study is expected to provide a deeper understanding to researchers and practitioners, especially in educational institutions, about the development of entrepreneurial intention by considering psychological factors in students.

The aim of this study is to understand the roles, trends, and development of research in entrepreneurship education.  The method used is bibliometric analysis with the help of tools such as OpenRefine, VOSViewer, MS Excel, and Bibliometrix. These tools were used to analyze document distribution per year across different countries, institutions, journals, authors, topic trends, and keyword co-occurrences. The search was conducted on August 10, 2024, the literature search was conducted by entering words based on the title, abstract and keywords "education" AND "entrepreneurship", with restrictions in the data search, namely for the type of document in the form of research journal articles from 2016 to 2024 with limited criteria, data was obtained as much as 2,592 documents.The results of this study show a growth in the publication of articles on entrepreneurship education over the past nine years, with an average annual increase of more than fifteen percent. However, a decline was observed in 2019-2020. China is the most productive country in publishing articles related to entrepreneurship education, while the most productive institution is Universitas Negeri Jakarta from Indonesia. The top journal in this field is Education and Training Journal. Author co-occurrence analysis reveals two major networks of authors, led by Wibowo A and Wang J, respectively. Based on the data collected, the most frequently appearing keywords are "entrepreneurship" and "entrepreneurship education."  The latest topic trends related to entrepreneurship education include terms such as "innovation and entrepreneurship education,” "innovation and entrepreneurship," and "evaluation models.” Innovation and evaluation models become the current trend in this research area. This study can be useful for identifying research gaps regarding the development and implementation of entrepreneurship education, with the latest trends focusing on innovation and evaluation models.  Based on the data search, further comprehensive studies on the integration of entrepreneurship education, vocational education, and digital technology are needed.  According to the analyzed Scopus metadata, research on the integration of these fields is still very limited.

To make wise financial decisions, especially amid the complexity of today's financial situations, financial literacy encompassing knowledge, skills, and confidence is crucial. Financial literacy is an essential ability in urban environments, where the economic dynamics are highly complex. This study examines how financial literacy influences the ability of urban residents to make wise financial decisions. A quantitative approach was used with a survey of 200 individuals with stable incomes, from the upper middle class in Lhokseumawe City, aged between 25 and 55 years. Purposive sampling was used to choose the sample. The questionnaire measured the quality of economic decision-making and financial literacy (knowledge, skills, and confidence) using a 5-point Likert scale. To analyze the relationships between variables, multiple linear regression, descriptive statistics, t-tests, and F-tests were applied. The findings showed that the regression model Y = 0.298 + 0.223X1 - 0.096X2 + 0.766X3 + ϵ illustrates the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Financial knowledge significantly improves the quality of economic decision-making (t-statistic 6.292, p = 0.000). Financial skills negatively affect economic decision-making (t-statistic -3.258, p = 0.001). Confidence significantly positively influences decision-making (t-statistic 18.947, p = 0.000). The F-test revealed an F-value of 244.043 with p = 0.000, confirming the significant impact of independent variables on the quality of economic decision-making. These findings highlight the importance of knowledge and confidence in economic decisions, while incorrect financial skills may pose risks.

Vocational High Schools (SMK) have an important role in preparing human resources to face the challenges of the world of work. Data in the field shows that unemployment of vocational school graduates continues to increase, so entrepreneurial competence as a solution to overcome unemployment among vocational school graduates must be considered. This research aims to examine the factors that influence entrepreneurial competence in vocational school students, namely intellectual skills, academic values, and learning environment. Data was collected through an online survey involving 250 vocational school students in Central Java Province. The research instrument was adapted from existing economic and entrepreneurship literacy tests. Data were analyzed using the Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling (CBSEM) method. The research results found that school rankings had a significant and positive effect on entrepreneurial competence in vocational schools and were related to the learning environment and students' intellectual abilities. This study recommends learning strategies that integrate academic values, intellectual skills, and the learning environment to produce graduates who are ready for the world of work, able to create independent business opportunities, and contribute to the local economy.

The main issue raised is how the subjective well-being of this community is influenced by unique cultural ties and traditional values, which are often overlooked in economic-based welfare measurements. This study aims to explore the subjective well-being of the Tengger Tribe community in Ranupani Village, East Java, which reflects the balance between material and non-material aspects. With a phenomenological approach and qualitative methods, this study uncovers the meaning of subjective well-being through in-depth interviews and observations of six key informants. The results show that subjective well-being in the Tengger Tribe community includes life satisfaction obtained from farming activities, sufficient income, availability of free time, and the application of traditional values such as Tri Hita Karana and the teachings of Bekti Marang Guru Papat. Spiritual ties, social solidarity, and harmony with nature also become the main pillars in creating well-being. The implication of this study is the need for local culture-based policies to support indigenous peoples' multidimensional well-being.

Rapid advancements in technology related to the fourth industrial revolution have transformed the way financial transactions are conducted, shifting from conventional cash methods to digital finance, also known as fintech. Despite this shift, the adoption of fintech is inconsistent, especially among students, who are an important group for promoting financial inclusion and literacy. This study aims to fill the existing gap by investigating the specific elements that influence fintech adoption among Economics Education students in Java, using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a framework. An explanatory quantitative investigation involving 350 students from three accredited universities shows that attitudes, social factors, and digital financial literacy play an important role in shaping students' intentions to use fintech. Importantly, digital financial literacy stands out as a crucial element, both directly and indirectly encouraging responsible financial practices and the adoption of fintech. The originality of this research lies in its examination of the relationship between education and the use of fintech, emphasizing the importance of digital financial literacy in influencing students' financial actions in an increasingly digital economy.

Entrepreneurship is often seen as a pathway to youth empowerment and economic growth, yet start-up failure rates remain high despite the strong entrepreneurial enthusiasm of young people, particularly urban university students. This study investigates the determinants of entrepreneurial intention by incorporating entrepreneurship education, nascent entrepreneurial behavior, perceived behavioral control, and commitment, with commitment also tested as a moderator. Using PLS-SEM with 330 urban university students, the findings reveal that entrepreneurship education, perceived behavioral control, and commitment significantly enhance entrepreneurial intention, while entrepreneurship education also promotes nascent entrepreneurial behavior. However, commitment does not moderate the link between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention (H3 not supported), and nascent entrepreneurial behavior does not significantly influence entrepreneurial intention (H4 not supported). These results contribute theoretically by extending the Theory of Planned Behavior to the context of urban start-ups and highlighting the boundary conditions of commitment and nascent behavior. Practically, the study underscores the importance of strengthening entrepreneurship curricula and support systems, while cautioning that exploratory entrepreneurial activities alone may not translate into strong start-up intentions. Beyond theoretical contributions, the findings also offer practical insights for Indonesian universities. Specifically, entrepreneurship education should be integrated with project-based learning, mentoring programs, and funding mechanisms that enable students to transform intentions into sustainable ventures within the urban start-up ecosystem.

The rise of the COVID-19 pandemic curtailed outdoor activities, education included. Nevertheless, a significant number of parents chose to enroll their children in non-formal education settings. This research explored the elements that impact parental preferences when selecting non-formal education amid the health crisis. A quantitative methodology was utilized to investigate the relationship between marketing tactics and parental selections. Information was gathered from 81 parents who had received promotional material from a non-formal educational institution in Surabaya, with a total of 51 parents chosen for detailed examination. Data was acquired through surveys, and SPSS was utilized for data analysis. The findings indicated that strategies involving word-of-mouth and digital learning programs played a significant role in shaping parental decisions, both as standalone factors and combined. Despite the advancements of the digital age, traditional word-of-mouth continues to hold importance, given that kids rely heavily on their parents' choices. The innovation of this study lies in the combination of traditional marketing practices and digital learning to better support the selection of non-formal education. The results offer valuable guidance for administrators at non-formal schools to enhance their marketing approaches and elevate parental contentment.

This study investigates the moderating role of peer support on the relationship between learning interest, learning discipline, and student motivation in a 3T (frontier, outermost, and disadvantaged) region Batuputih sub-district. While previous studies have explored these variables individually, limited research has examined how peer support interacts with interest and discipline to influence learning motivation in underdeveloped regions. Employing a quantitative approach with a survey method, data were collected from 201 grade XI students at SMAN Tupan and SMAN Benlutu using purposive sampling. A 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was administered, and sample adequacy was determined using G*Power analysis (effect size = 0.15, power = 0.95, α = 0.05), resulting in a minimum requirement of 107 participants. Data were analyzed using PLS-SEM via SmartPLS. The findings indicate that both learning interest (p = 0.027) and learning discipline (p = 0.000) significantly influence student motivation. However, peer support does not moderate these relationships, as shown by p-values of 0.744 and 0.861, respectively. These results suggest that while interest and discipline are critical drivers of motivation, peer support may not play a significant moderating role in this context. This study contributes to the understanding of motivational factors in disadvantaged educational settings and provides insights for educators in designing targeted interventions.

Strengthening entrepreneurship is one of the targets in the important agenda in the 2020-2024 RPJMN. Entrepreneurship is not just one virtual world but many worlds, which are starting to form to enable society to deepen and expand social interactions digitally. This study aims to explore the demographic profile and potential of the young generation to develop productive and quality entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship has a very important role in increasing regional competitiveness, creating jobs, and increasing local revenue (PAD). Each provincial government implements different strategies to promote entrepreneurship development in its region. Mapping entrepreneurial potential, especially among young people, is a strategic step in identifying and optimizing existing resources to create productive and quality young entrepreneurs. Ultimately, this will contribute significantly to economic growth, job creation, and improving the quality of life of the community. Through the right approach, success in developing young entrepreneurship in Indonesia will not only be an opportunity for the individuals concerned, but will also strengthen the foundation of the national economy and increase Indonesia's competitiveness in the international arena.

This study analyzes the impact of Social Capital and Rationality on the performance of MSMEs in Jambi City, mediated by Innovative Work Behavior and Entrepreneur Learning Orientation. Using a quantitative approach with PLS-SEM, data were collected from MSME actors to examine these relationships. The findings reveal that Social Capital has a positive but insignificant influence on MSME performance, indicating that social networks may not directly enhance outcomes due to limited resource access or ineffective linkages. In contrast, Rationality shows a significant negative effect on performance, suggesting that highly rational decision-making can reduce adaptability in dynamic markets. Interestingly, both Social Capital and Rationality significantly improve Innovative Work Behavior, but this behavior negatively impacts performance possibly due to innovation not aligning with market needs or requiring time to show results. Meanwhile, Entrepreneur Learning Orientation has a significant positive influence on performance, emphasizing the role of continuous learning. Rationality supports learning orientation, while Social Capital does not. Overall, these findings highlight the complex dynamics shaping MSME success and offer strategic insights for development in Jambi City.

Objective: The present study focused on exploring the influence of parents’ economic vulnerability in the agricultural sector on students’ enrollment in the Dambatta Local Government Area of Kano State, a rural community in Nigeria. Method: The quantitative and qualitative methods (mixed mode) were employed throughout this study. Two separate questionnaires were administered to 108 teachers and 28 parents who were randomly selected for interview. Results: indicates a moderate negative relationship between vulnerability in economic and students’ school enrolment in the rural community, with r = -0.686, p = 0.000, P < 0.01. That means an increase in vulnerability in agricultural jobs leads to a decrease in students’ enrolment. However, it was discovered that most parents in the rural community hold negative views regarding their children’s education during economic vulnerability. Novelty: The study signified that economic vulnerability caused by climate change, like negative precipitation and agricultural productivity, directly influences school conditions and educational decisions in rural communities.

The low quality of human resources, exacerbated by a lack of access to structured entrepreneurship education, is a critical barrier to the development of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Acknowledging education as a fundamental driver of change, this study aims to formulate a strategic model for MSME development by integrating educational approaches to improve the quality of human resources (HR) and foster village entrepreneurship areas in Gorontalo Regency. A descriptive explanatory research method was employed, utilizing the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for analysis. Data were collected through focus group discussions and structured questionnaires administered to a panel of 21 experts, including MSME practitioners, government officials, and educational experts. The AHP results indicate that expanding access to practical entrepreneurship education and training is a primary strategy, underpinning the top priority of market access (weight: 0.417). This is followed by the core factor of human resource quality (0.271), which is directly addressed through educational interventions. Technology and innovation (0.147), government affirmative policies (0.131), and infrastructure support (0.035) complete the hierarchy. Consequently, the key policy implications are deeply rooted in education. It is recommended that local governments collaborate with educational institutions and the private sector to develop curricula for ongoing community-based education and training programs.

Intense competition in Indonesia’s Packaged Drinking Water (AMDK) industry necessitates entrepreneurial strategies emphasizing innovation and communication. This study examines how product innovation and marketing communication influence repurchase intention, mediated by brand image, using NEWHEXA (East Java) as a case study. A quantitative approach employing SEM-PLS analysis of 200 active consumers yielded key findings: (1) Innovation (β = 0.35, p < 0.001) and marketing communication (β = 0.41, p < 0.001) significantly enhance brand image; (2) Brand image exerts the strongest direct impact on repurchase intention (β = 0.62, p < 0.001); (3) Brand image significantly mediates the relationship (VAF = 58.3%), confirming its pivotal causal role. These findings have strong implications for entrepreneurship curricula that emphasize cultural storytelling as a strategy to foster consumer loyalty. They strongly support integrating packaged water industry case studies, like NEWHEXA, into entrepreneurship curricula, particularly modules using cultural storytelling to build consumer loyalty through authentic brand identity. Key limitations include geographically focused sampling and respondent homogeneity. Future research should investigate socio-cultural moderators and the socio-economic impact of AMDK innovations on SMEs.

The entrepreneurial spirit within Chinese-Indonesian families has long been recognized as a factor in their economic resilience, yet the educational patterns that transmit this spirit across generations remain underexplored. This study aims to examine how family-based education fosters entrepreneurial character among Chinese youth in Surakarta, focusing on the interplay of cultural values, practical immersion, and adaptive strategies. The central research question asks: How do educational practices within Chinese-Indonesian families contribute to cultivating entrepreneurial spirit in the next generation? This research employs a qualitative approach using thematic analysis to interpret data gathered through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings reveal three major themes: first, practical immersion as pedagogy, where children are engaged in family business tasks from an early age to internalize perseverance, discipline, and interpersonal competence; second, familial trust and solidarity as social capital, where kinship bonds and moral values of honesty, responsibility, and integrity sustain intergenerational continuity; and third, the negotiation of formal education, experiential learning, and technology, where families balance schooling with hands-on practice and cautiously integrate digital tools as both opportunities and risks. The study concludes that entrepreneurial education in Chinese-Indonesian families is not merely an economic strategy, but a cultural and ethical practice embedded in family life. Theoretically, this study shows that entrepreneurial spirit is socially enacted within kinship structures rather than taught solely in schools. Practically, the findings suggest that entrepreneurship programs can be strengthened through family-based approaches that emphasize early immersion, trust, ethics, and guided use of technology.

This research aims to analyze dominant factors affecting community welfare enhancement through tourism cooperative involvement in Buleleng Regency, with particular emphasis on education's moderating role. A quantitative approach employed structural equation modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0, analyzing data from 180 tourism cooperative members selected through stratified proportional random sampling across three tourism areas. The enhanced model demonstrates excellent fit. Access to capital emerged as the dominant factor, followed by human resource capacity and marketing networks. Education significantly moderates the relationships between access to capital and community welfare and between human resource capacity and community welfare. The moderation analysis revealed that higher education levels enhance the effectiveness of capital access and skill development interventions. The study establishes the "Cooperative-Mediated Community Welfare Model with Educational Enhancement" (CMCW-EE), demonstrating that education amplifies the effectiveness of resource-based interventions while having minimal impact on relational factors. These findings provide crucial insights for designing targeted interventions in community-based tourism development.

The urgency of family economic education, especially among the fishing communities of Puger coastal area, Jember Regency, needs to be addressed to achieve welfare. The internalisation process that occurs needs to be examined in depth to ensure no party is disadvantaged. This study aims to describe the role of parents in internalising economic education to their children within fishing families and to identify the forms of economic education processes that take place within them. This research is a qualitative phenomenological study with purposive sampling to obtain in-depth knowledge about the economic education of fishing families. Data validation uses technique and source triangulation, analysed with the Miles & Huberman framework, assisted by NVivo 12 Plus software. The findings reveal the uniqueness and advantages of the family economics education for fishermen, which has developed rapidly, not only verbally but also through examples, habituation, and open discussions. The implications of this research theoretically suggest that economic education is more than traditional, but interactive. In practice, the role of parents alongside children is important for the economic welfare. The best policy is to maximise the welfare of fishermen and the future of fishermen's children who must struggle with limited economic resources.

Objective: Teacher readiness remains a critical issue in improving the quality of economics teacher education programs. This study aims to analyse the relationship between teacher competence, critical thinking skills, and teaching experience on the readiness of economics teacher candidates. Additionally, the study examines the mediating role of digital literacy in strengthening these relationships. Method: This study employed a quantitative approach using covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM). Data were collected from 103 students of Economics Education Study Programs from both public and private universities in Java. The analysis was conducted using AMOS software version 30 to test the proposed hypotheses regarding the mediating effect of digital literacy on the relationships between teacher competence, critical thinking skills, teaching experience, and prospective teacher readiness.  Results: The findings reveal that digital literacy plays a significant mediating role in enhancing the readiness of economics teacher candidates. In particular, digital literacy strengthens the relationship between teaching experience and prospective teacher readiness. Furthermore, competence and critical thinking skills also contribute positively to teacher readiness when supported by adequate digital literacy capabilities. Novelty: This study highlights digital literacy as a strategic mediator that integrates pedagogical competence, critical thinking, and teaching experience in preparing economics teacher candidates for digitally driven learning environments. The findings provide a new perspective for teacher education programs by emphasizing digital literacy development as a core component in strengthening prospective teacher readiness in the era of digital transformation.