ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Maloklusi merupakan salah satu kelainan yang dapat terjadi pada proses tumbuh kembang kraniofasial. Prevalensi maloklusi di dunia maupun di Indonesia masih tinggi. Faktor lingkungan seperti praktik breastfeeding merupakan salah satu yang dapat mencegah terjadinya maloklusi. Mekanisme pergerakan lidah dan otot yang terlibat pada direct breastfeeding dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan kraniofasial yang lebih baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan ibu mengenai direct breastfeeding dan tumbuh kembang rahang. Metode: Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif cross-sectional menggunakan survei. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 33 orang ibu murid PAUD Kecamatan Mampang Prapatan. Penelitian menggunakan instrumen kuesioner dengan 9 butir pertanyaan mengenai ASI eksklusif dan 5 butir pertanyaan mengenai tumbuh kembang rahang di luar data karakteristik responden. Hasil: Sebanyak satu responden termasuk dalam kategori tingkat pengetahuan rendah (3%), tujuh responden pada kategori sedang (21,2%), dan 25 responden dalam kategori tinggi (75,8%) pada pertanyaan mengenai ASI eksklusif. Sebanyak 24 responden termasuk kategori tingkat pengetahuan rendah (72,7%) dan sembilan responden dalam kategori tinggi (27,3%) pada pertanyaan mengenai tumbuh kembang rahang. Simpulan: Tingkat pengetahuan ibu anak usia dini mengenai ASI eksklusif termasuk dalam kategori tinggi, namun tingkat pengetahuan ibu mengenai efek direct breastfeeding dan tumbuh kembang rahang termasuk dalam kategori rendah.Kata kunci: tingkat pengetahuan ibu; direct breastfeeding; maloklusi ABSTRACTIntroduction: Malocclusion is a dental abnormality that might occur during craniofacial growth and development process. The prevalence of malocclusion both worldwide and in Indonesia is still high. Environmental factors could have an impact on malocclusion, one of which is breastfeeding practice. The mechanism of tongue and muscles involved during direct breastfeeding might lead to better craniofacial growth. The aim of this study is to describe mother’s level of knowledge on direct breastfeeding and its effect on jaw development. Methods: This research was a descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted on 33 mothers whose children are students of PAUD in Mampang Prapatan Subdistrict. A questionnaire consisting of 9 questions on exclusive breastfeeding and 5 questions on jaw development excluding respondents’ characteristics was used. Results: On questions regarding exclusive breastfeeding, only 1 respondent was in low knowledge level category (3%), 7 in moderate knowledge level category (21.2%), and 25 in high knowledge level category (75.8%). On questions regarding jaw development, 24 respondents were in low knowledge level category (72,7%) and 9 in high knowledge level category (27,3%). Conclusion: Respondents’ knowledge level on exclusive breastfeeding is high. However, their knowledge level on direct breastfeeding and its effect on jaw development is low.Keywords: mother’s knowledge level; direct breastfeeding; malocclusion

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Community empowerment is essential in Indonesia due to the limited number of health professionals, their uneven distribution, and the low level of oral health literacy in the population. Empowerment efforts should reach all population groups and align with the Healthy Indonesia 2030 agenda, which emphasizes preventive and promotive services within a continuum of care framework. The aim of this study is to evaluate the improvement of oral health literacy through various empowerment strategies among adolescents, and to conduct early detection of oral health conditions in toddlers as baseline data for empowerment initiatives. Methods: This study used an experimental pretest and posttest design with four community empowerment approaches, including oral health literacy improvement through crossword puzzles and HELD-14 based playing cards, education on cariogenic foods for adolescents and toddlers, early detection of oral health conditions in toddlers, and a 21 day good oral health habit counseling program combined with dental screening for toddlers. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. Inclusion criteria were willingness to participate, ability to read and write, and absence of hearing or speech impairments. Exclusion criteria included absence during the intervention activities and incomplete questionnaire responses or dental examinations. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro Wilk and Kolmogorov Smirnov tests for normality, followed by independent t tests and Mann Whitney tests. Results: Empowerment interventions among adolescent communities using crossword puzzles, HELD-14 based playing cards, education on cariogenic foods, and the 21 day good habit counseling program demonstrated a significant improvement in oral health literacy. Early detection results showed a significant difference in oral health status among toddlers between males and females. Conclusion: Significant differences were observed between pretest and posttest results across the four community empowerment approaches.KEY WORDS:  empowerment, literacy, education, oral health status, continuum of carePeningkatan literasi kesehatan gigi melalui berbagai metode pemberdayaan pada komunitas remaja, balita dan deteksi dini kesehatan gigi anak balita sebagai data dasar pemberdayaan: Studi cross-sectionalABSTRAKPendahuluan: Upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat sangat perlu dilakukan, karena masih terbatasnya tenaga kesehatan di Indonesia dan persebarannya tidak merata serta literasi kesehatan gigi dan mulut di masyarakat masih kurang. Upaya pemberdayaan harus menjangkau segala lapisan masyarakat dan bergerak ke arah Indonesia sehat tahun 2030 yang lebih mengupayakan preventif promotif dalam melakukan pelayanan berbasis continuum of care. Tujuan penelitian menganalisis peningkatan literasi kesehatan gigi melalui berbagai metode pemberdayaan pada komunitas remaja, balita dan deteksi dini kesehatan gigi anak balita sebagai data dasar pemberdayaan. Metode: Pendekatan eksperimen jenis pretest posttest design dengan 4 metode pemberdayaan  peningkatan literasi teka-teki silang dan kartu bermain berbasis held 14 dan peningkatan literasi mengenai makanan kariogenik pada remaja dan anak balita dan dan deteksi dini kesehatan gigi pada anak balita, penyuluhan kebiasaan baik 21 hari dan deteksi dini kesehatan gigi anak balita. Jumlah sasaran diperoleh melalui purposive sampling dengan penentuan kriteria inklusi yaitu responden yang mengikuti pemberdayaan, dapat membaca dan menulis serta tidak ada gangguan pendengaran atau bicara. Kriteria ekslusi adalah responden yang tidak hadir pada saat kegiatan, tidak melakukan pengisian kuisioner/pemeriksaan dengan lengkap. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji normalitas shapiro Wilk dan Kolmogorov Smirnov serta uji beda t-test dan Mann-Whitney.  Hasil:  Pemberdayaan pada komunitas remaja dengan literasi teka-teki silang dan kartu bermain berbasis held 14, peningkatan literasi mengenai makanan kariogenik dan penyuluhan kebiasaan baik 21 hari menunjukkan peningkatan literasi yang signifikan. Hasil deteksi dini menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan signifikan kesehatan gigi anak balita antara laki laki dan perempuan. Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan antara hasil pretest dan postest pada ketiga metode pemberdayaan yaitu literasi remaja dan anak balita dan terdapat perbedaan status kesehatan gigi antara laki-laki dan perempuan.KATA KUNCI: pemberdayaan, literasi, edukasi, status Kesehatan gigi, continuum of care

Pendahuluan: Rokok merupakan faktor resiko yang penting terhadap berbagai masalah kesehatan, salah satunya adalah masalah kesehatan rongga mulut. Merokok dapat memepengaruhi kondisi kebersihan rongga mulut dan komposisi saliva seperti kalsium dan fosfat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi kebersihan rongga mulut dan kadar fosfat pada perokok dan bukan perokok. Metode: Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Ada 42 subjek berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Subjek dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, 21 orang merupakan kelompok perokok dan 21 orang merupakan kelompok bukan perokok. Kebersihan mulut diperiksa dengan menggunakan indeks plak Silness and Löe. Sampel saliva diambil dengan menggunakan metode spitting, selanjutnya kadar fosfat diukur dengan menggunakan Spectrofotometry UV-Vis. Hasil: Skor indeks plak perokok memiliki rata-rata 0.47±0.34 dan bukan perokok memiliki rata-rata 0.27±0.14. Rata-rata fosfat pada perokok sebanyak 2.56±0.65 mg/dL dan bukan perokok sebanyak 2.48±0.68 mg/dL. Simpulan: Rata-rata kebesihan mulut perokok sebagian besar memperlihatkan indeks plak yang tergolong baik. Sedangkan bukan perokok seluruhnya memiliki indeks plak yang baik. Kadar fosfat pada saliva perokok dan bukan perokok memiliki nilai yang rendah. | ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Rokok merupakan faktor risiko yang penting terhadap berbagai masalah kesehatan, salah satunya adalah masalah kesehatan rongga mulut. Merokok dapat mempengaruhi kondisi kebersihan rongga mulut dan komposisi saliva seperti kalsium dan fosfat. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kondisi kebersihan rongga mulut dan kadar fosfat pada perokok dan bukan perokok. Metode: Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Ada 42 subjek berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Subjek dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, 21 orang merupakan kelompok perokok dan 21 orang merupakan kelompok bukan perokok. Kebersihan mulut diperiksa dengan menggunakan indeks plak Silness and Löe. Sampel saliva diambil dengan menggunakan metode spitting, selanjutnya kadar fosfat diukur dengan menggunakan Spectrofotometry UV-Vis. Hasil: Skor indeks plak perokok memiliki rerata 0,47±0,34 dan bukan perokok memiliki rerata 0,27±0,14. Rerata fosfat pada perokok sebanyak (2,56±0,65) mg/dL dan bukan perokok sebanyak (2,48±0,68) mg/dL. Simpulan: Perokok dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan kondisi kebersihan mulut yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan bukan perokok. Rerata nilai kadar fosfat perokok juga lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan non perokok.Kata kunci: perokok; kebersihan mulut; plak; saliva; fosfat ABSTRACT Introduction: Smoking habit is a significant risk factor for various health problems, one of which is oral health problems. Smoking can affect oral hygiene and the salivary composition, such as salivary calcium and phosphate. This study aims to determine the condition of oral hygiene and phosphate levels in smokers and non-smokers. Methods: A de-scriptive research with a cross-sectional approach was conducted on 42 subjects. Subjects were divided into two groups, 21 were smokers, and 21 were non-smokers. Oral hygiene was checked using the Silness and Löe plaque index. Saliva samples were taken using the spitting method. Then the phosphate level was measured us-ing UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. Results: The mean plaque index score of smokers was 0.47±0.34, and non-smokers was 0.27±0.14. The mean salivary phosphate of smok-ers was 2.56±0.65 mg/dL, and non-smokers was 2.48±0.68 mg/dL. Conclusions: Smokers in this study showed lower oral hygiene conditions compared to non-smokers. The mean value of salivary phosphate levels in smokers is also higher than that of non-smokers.Keywords: smokers; oral hygiene; dental plaque; saliva; phosphate

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Denture disinfection is essential for maintaining hygiene when using dentures. In recent years, various natural denture cleansers have been developed, including sungkai leaf extract (Peronema canescens Jack). Sungkai leaves contain tannins and flavonoids with antifungal properties; however, they also contain phenolic derivatives that can influence the surface roughness and impact strength of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). This study aims to analyze the effects of immersing PMMA denture bases in 30%, 40%, and 50% sungkai leaf extract on surface roughness and impact strength. Methods: The design of this research is laboratory experimental. Surface roughness measurements and impact tests were conducted on 32 samples (65 x 10 x 2.5 mm). The samples were divided into four groups with sungkai leaf extract concentrations of 30%, 40%, 50%, and aquadest as a control group. The samples were immersed for 2 days 12 hours and 50 minutes to simulate the daily soaking duration of 10 minutes/day over 1 year. The samples were measured using surface roughness tester for surface roughness measurements and Charpy impact tester for impact tests. The data were analyzed using univariate tests, One-way ANOVA, and LSD (Least Significant Difference). Results: One-way ANOVA test results showed a significance value of p=0.0001 (p<0.05), indicating that immersion of PMMA denture base in sungkai leaf extract 30%, 40%, and 50% significantly affected surface roughness and impact strength. Conclusion: The immersion of heat-polymerized PMMA denture base resin in sungkai leaf extract (Peronema canescens Jack) resulted in increased surface roughness and decreased impact strength. However, the changes produced at 30% concentration were lower compared to concentrations of 40% and 50%. Therefore, sungkai leaf extract at 30% concentration may serve as a viable natural alternative to dental cleaning agents.KEY WORDS: denture cleansers, sungkai leaf extract, polymethyl methacrylate, surface roughness, impact strengthPengaruh perendaman basis gigi tiruan resin akrilik polimerisasi panas dalam ekstrak daun sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) terhadap kekasaran permukaan dan kekuatan impakABSTRAKPendahuluan: Dalam pemakaian gigi tiruan, disinfeksi perlu diperhatikan dalam menjaga kebersihan gigi tiruan. Sekarang ini telah banyak dikembangkan bahan alami sebagai pembersih gigi tiruan, di antaranya yaitu ekstrak daun sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack). Daun sungkai memiliki kandungan senyawa tanin dan flavonoid yang mampu bekerja sebagai antijamur, namun tanin dan flavonoid juga termasuk turunan senyawa fenol yang dapat memengaruhi kekasaran permukaan dan kekuatan impak resin akrilik polimerisasi panas (RAPP). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perbedaan efek perendaman basis gigi tiruan RAPP dalam ekstrak daun sungkai 30%, 40%, dan 50% terhadap kekasaran permukaan dan kekuatan impak. Metode: Rancangan penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratoris. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 32 sampel (65 x 10 x 2,5 mm), yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok terdiri dari kelompok yang direndam dengan ekstrak daun sungkai 30%, 40%, 50%, dan kelompok kontrol (aquadest) yang direndam selama 2 hari 12 jam 50 menit (simulasi perendaman 10 menit/hari dalam 1 tahun). Sampel diuji menggunakan surface roughness tester untuk kekasaran permukaan dan charpy impact tester untuk kekuatan impak. Hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji univarian, One-way ANOVA, dan LSD (Least Significant Difference). Hasil: Hasil uji One-way ANOVA diperoleh nilai signifikansi p=0,0001 (p<0,05) yang menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh perendaman basis gigi tiruan RAPP dalam ekstrak daun sungkai 30%, 40%, dan 50% terhadap kekasaran permukaan dan kekuatan impak. Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan efek perendaman basis gigi tiruan resin akrilik polimerisasi panas dalam ekstrak daun sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) berupa peningkatan kekasaran permukaan dan penurunan kekuatan impak yang dihasilkan pada konsentrasi 30% lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan konsentrasi 40% dan 50%, sehingga ekstrak daun sungkai dengan konsentrasi 30% dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif bahan pembersih gigi tiruan yang alami.KATA KUNCI: Bahan pembersih gigi tiruan, ekstrak daun sungkai, resin akrilik polimerisasi panas, kekasaran permukaan, kekuatan impak

Pendahuluan: Kebiasaan merokok merupakan kebiasaan yang memiliki banyak efek negatif bagi tubuh. Rokok membuat indera pengecapan (taste buds) terkontaminasi oleh senyawa kimia yang terkandung di dalam rokok dan membuat kemampuan indera pengecapan menurun. Rokok juga dapat menyebabkan kelainan sistemik, salah satunya diabetes mellitus karena dengan penurunan sensitivitas indera pengecapan maka perokok akan cenderung mengonsumsi gula dalam jumlah yang lebih banyak. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui gambaran nilai ambang pengecapan rasa manis pada wanita perokok Metode: Jenis penelitian deskriptif. Teknik pengambilan sampel simple random sampling. Sampel sebanyak 44 wanita perokok dan 91 wanita bukan perokok. Data objektif ambang pengecapan rasa manis diperoleh dengan meneteskan larutan glukosa pada permukaan lidah dengan berbagai konsentrasi. Data subjek lainnya diperoleh dari pengisian kuisioner. Tempat penelitian di lingkungan Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Unpad Bandung dan Jatinangor. Hasil: Usia rerata wanita perokok adalah 23 tahun. Rerata nilai ambang pengecapan rasa manis dengan konsumsi 10 batang rokok per hari selama 2-4 tahun dan lebih dari 4 tahun masing-masing 0,041M dan 0,043M. Rerata nilai ambang pengecapan rasa manis dengan konsumsi 20 batang rokok per hari selama 2-4 tahun dan lebih dari 4 tahun masing-masing 0,030M dan 0,037M. Rerata nilai ambang pengecapan rasa manis dengan konsumsi 25 batang rokok per hari selama lebih dari 4 tahun sebesar 0,043M. Usia rerata wanita bukan perokok berusia 21 tahun dengan nilai ambang pengecapan rasa manis yang paling banyak terjadi pada konsentrasi 0,01 M. Simpulan: Nilai ambang pengecapan rasa manis pada wanita perokok lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan nilai ambang pengecapan rasa manis normal pada wanita bukan perokok.Kata kunci: Ambang pengecapan, rasa manis, wanita perokok, wanita bukan perokok. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Smoking habits have many adverse effects on the human body, such as decreasing of taste sensitivity. Cigarettes make the taste buds contaminated by chemical compounds contained in cigarettes, thus decrease the ability of the gustatory system. Cigarettes can also cause systemic abnormalities, one of which is diabetes mellitus because by decreasing the sensitivity of the gustatory system, smokers will tend to consume more sugar. This study was aimed to determine the sweet taste threshold on smoking women in the neighbourhood of the Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran in Bandung and Jatinangor. Methods: The research was conducted using descriptive method. The data obtained were secondary data from Unpad Fundamental Research (RFU) from 44 smokers and 91 nonsmokers as samples chose by simple random sampling method. The sweet threshold data was collected by giving a drop of glucose of different concentrations on the subject’s tongue. The other data needed were collected by filling the questionnaire. Results: The mean age of smoking women was 23-years-old. The mean value of sweet threshold of smoking women who consumed 10 cigarettes every day for 2-4 years and more than 4 years were 0.041 M and 0.043 M respectively. The mean value of sweet threshold of smoking women who consumed 20 cigarettes every day for 2-4 years and more than 4 years were 0.030 M and 0.037 M respectively. The mean value of sweet threshold of smoking women who consumed 25 cigarettes every day for more than 4 years was 0.043 M. The results also suggested that the mean age of smoking women was 23 years old with the sweet threshold modus of 0.01 M. Conclusion: Sweet taste threshold on smoking women smokers in the neighbourhood tend to increase from non-smoking women.Keywords: Taste threshold, sweet taste, smoking women, non-smoking women.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Candidiasis or oral candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by excessive growth and becomes a pathogen of the Candida albicans species. One way to inhibit fungal growth is by using plant extract that have antifungal compounds. Mango leaves (Mangifera idica L.) are one of the plants that have several phytochemical constituents which have antifungal activity such as flavonoids, phenols, mangiferin, alkaloids, steroids, terpenes, and tannins. This study aims to determine the inhibitory potency of mango leaf extract (Mangifera Indica L.) with concentrations of 2, 4, and 8%, which are effective in inhibiting the growth of candida albicans. Methods: Mango leaves were extracted by maceration using 70% ethanol solvent. This research is a descriptive quantitative approach in the form of a pre-experiment and a one shot case study. A caliper was used to determine the inhibition zones in this study. Results: The results of the study showed that 2% mango leaf extract (Mangifera Indica L.) had moderate inhibitory strength, while concentrations of 4, and 8% were categorized as strong. Conclusion: Mango leaf extract (Mangifera Indica L.) has inhibitory potency against the growth of Candida albicans, especially at a concentration of 8% with an average of the inhibition zone was 14.9 mm.KEY WORDS: mango ileaves i(mangifera iindica il.), icandida ialbicans, icandidiasis, iinhibitory potency, zone of inhibition.Daya hambat ekstrak daun mangga (mangifera indica l.) terhadap pertumbuhan candida albicans: Studi deskriptifABSTRAKPendahuluan: Kandidiasis atau oral candidiasis merupakan infeksi jamur yang disebabkan oleh pertumbuhan jamur secara berlebih dan bersifat patogen dari spesies candida albicans. Salah satu cara untuk menghambat pertumbuhan jamur adalah dengan memanfaatkan tanaman yang memiliki senyawa antijamur. Daun mangga (Mangifera Indica L.) salah satu tanaman yang memiliki aktivitas antijamur karena kandungan fitokimianya, seperti flavonoid, fenol, mangiferin, alkaloid, steroid, terpenoid, dan tanin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat ekstrak daun mangga (Mangifera Indica L.) dengan konsentrasi 2, 4, dan 8% yang efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan candida albicans. Metode: Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif. Daun mangga diekstraksi secara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif berupa pre-eksperimen dengan one shot case study. Pengukuran zona hambat ekstrak dalam penelitian ini menggunakan jangka sorong. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun mangga (Mangifera Indica L.) pada konsentrasi 2% memiliki daya hambat dikategorikan sedang, sedangkan konsentrasi 4 dan 8% dikategorikan kuat. Simpulan: Ekstrak daun mangga (Mangifera Indica L.) memiliki daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan candida albicans terutama pada konsentrasi 8% dengan rerata zona hambat 14,9 mm.KATA KUNCI: daun mangga (mangifera indica l.), candida albicans, kandidiasis, daya hambat, zona hambat.

Pendahuluan: Radiografi gigi merupakan salah satu pemeriksaan wajib yang digunakan di kalangan dokter gigi untuk membantu dalam menentukan diagnosis yang tepat dalam rongga mulut. Namun, radiografi gigi menghasilkan bahaya yang tidak terduga yaitu radiasi sinar-X yang memberi dampak buruk ke tubuh manusia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan pengetahuan setelah edukasi radiografi gigi di kalangan siswa SMAN 1 Cipatat menggunakan media animasi. Metode:Penelitian ini dirancang dengan metode deskriptif. 32 siswa kelas VI MIPA 2 di SMAN 1 Cipatat dipilih menjadi responden berdasarkan teknik total sampling. Perubahan pengetahuan setelah edukasi menggunakan media animasi diukur dengan memberikan kuesioner sebelum dan sesudah edukasi. Hasil: Perubahan pengetahuan setelah menerima pendidikan radiografi gigi yang 24 responden (75%) meningkat karena mereka memperhatikan selama pendidikan dan memiliki perilaku yang menentukan untuk belajar. Selain itu,6 responden  (18.75%) tidak mengalami perubahan pengetahuan radiografi gigi. Simpulan: Adanya peningkatan pengetahuan radiografi gigi yang signifikan setelah edukasi menggunakan media animasi.Kata kunci: Pengetahuan, radiologi kedokteran gigi, edukasi, media animasi

ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Karsinoma sel skuamosa rongga mulut (KSSRM) merupakan neoplasma ganas epitelial yang menunjukkan diferensiasi sel skuamosa ditandai dengan adanya pembentukan keratin. Insidensi kanker mulut masih terus meningkat dan hampir semua penderita kanker mulut ditemukan ketika sudah berada pada stadium lanjut. Salah satu faktor yang dapat menimbulkan keterlambatan diagnosis ini adalah dokter gigi yang kurang teliti dalam pemeriksaan rutin rongga mulut atau tidak memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup mengenai keganasan di rongga mulut. Deteksi dini kanker mulut  akan memperlama kelangsungan hidup pasien dan prognosis menjadi lebih baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran tingkat pengetahuan dokter gigi mengenai deteksi dini dan diagnosis karsinoma sel skuamosa rongga mulut. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner online kepada 106 dokter gigi di Kota Medan. Responden dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling yaitu responden yang diteliti berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditentukan. Hasil: Sebanyak 56,6% responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan baik, 41,1% responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang cukup dan 2,7% responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan kurang/rendah. Simpulan: Pengetahuan dokter gigi mengenai deteksi dini dan diagnosis KSSRM sudah termasuk dalam kategori baik, namun terdapat beberapa responden yang memiliki pengetahuan cukup hingga kurang. Kata kunci: OSCC ; deteksi dini; pengetahuan; dokter gigi ABSTRACTIntroduction: Squamous cell carcinoma is an epithelial malignant neoplasm that shows squamous cell differentiation characterized by the formation of keratin. The incidence of oral cancer is still increasing and almost all oral cancer patients are found when they are at an advanced stage. One of the factors that can cause this delay in diagnosis is the dentist who is not careful in routine oral examinations or does not have sufficient knowledge about malignancies in the oral cavity. In fact, if oral cancer is detected early, it will prolong the patient’s survival and the prognosis will be better. This study aims to describe the level of knowledge of dentists regarding the early detection and diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Methods: This study was conducted using an online questionnaire to 106 dentists in the city of Medan. Respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique, namely respondents who were studied based on predetermined criteria. Results: From the results of this research, as many as 56.6% of respondents have a good level of knowledge, 41.1% of respondents who have a sufficient level of knowledge and 2.7% of respondents who have a low level of knowledge. Conclusions: Dentists’ knowledge of early detection and diagnosis of OSCC is included in the good category, although there are some respondents who have sufficient to less knowledge.Keywords: Early detection of OSCC; knowledge; dentist

Diabetes adalah penyakit kronis yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai aspek seperti gaya hidup seperti pola makan dan aktifitas fisik sehingga membutuhkan perawatan berkelanjutan. Penatalaksanaan yang tidak efektif dapat menyebabkan komplikasi seperti Penyakit Arteri Perifer. Pemeriksaan Ankle Brachial Index dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui kondisi pembuluh darah ekstremitas bawah. Salah satu upaya pencegahan terjadinya Penyakit Arteri Perifer yaitu dengan Senam Kaki Diabetes. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh senam kaki diabetes terhadap sirkulasi ke daerah kaki dengan menilai Ankle Brachial Index pada pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Desain penelitian ini adalah pre eksperimen dengan rancanagn one-group pre test-post test. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan tehnik purposive sampling dengan jumlah 21 responden berdasarkan kriteria yang ditentukan. Analisis data univariat menggunakan distribusi frekuensi, sedangkan bivariat menggunakan Paired Sampel T-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sebelum diberikan senam kaki diabetes sebagian kecil (14.3%) responden memiliki nilai Ankle Brachial Index normal (0.9 -1.4 mmHg). Setelah diberikan senam kaki diabetes, sebagian besar (71,4%) responden memiliki nilai Ankle Brachial Index normal yaitu (0.9 – 1.4 mmHg). Hasil Uji Statistik Paired Sampel T-Test dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% (α=0,05) menunjukan (p –value 0,001) artinya terdapat pengaruh senam kaki diabetes terhadap nilai Ankle Brachial Index pada pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2. Senam kaki diabetes dapat terus dilaksanakan untuk meningkatkan sirkulasi ke daerah kaki pada pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2.

Adrenal crisis is an endocrine emergency condition, with one of its clinical manifestations being hypoglycemia. To date, its management focuses on the administration of corticosteroid therapy primarily hydrocortisone as the first-line treatment alongside glucose administration. This study aims to observe and report blood glucose levels, hemodynamic status, and multidisciplinary collaboration in the administration of corticosteroids, as a collaborative intervention in stabilizing blood glucose. This case study was conducted on a 70 years old geriatric patient who experienced an adrenal crisis due to the sudden discontinuation of long-term steroid therapy without a doctor's prescription. Data were collected over five days through patient interviews, family reports, and medical records. The patient experienced severe hypoglycemia despite receiving parenteral glucose. Following the administration of dexamethasone, the patient's blood glucose levels improved and began to stabilize. Dexamethasone proved effective as an alternative initial therapy for adrenal crisis when hydrocortisone was unavailable or the diagnosis is not yet confirmed. Nurses played a vital role in the early recognition of adrenal crisis signs, monitoring of blood glucose levels and hemodynamic parameters. Education for the family is essential, considering the dependency of geriatric patients on caregivers in managing daily health needs. Multidisciplinary collaborative management and educational support are key to successful care in geriatric patients with adrenal crisis.

Introduction: Decreasing heart function raises problems both physical, psychological and spiritual. Patients faced this health issue, and they need an individual’s spirit and encouragement related to self- management and illness. The purpose of this study was to describe the spiritual well-being of heart failure patients. Method: The method used in the research was a quantitative descriptive method with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this research was all patients with heart failure who underwent inpatient and outpatient care. Samples were taken by consecutive sampling technique for one month and 61 respondents were obtained. Data were collected by using the Spirituality Index of Well-Being instruments. Univariate data analysis uses the mean values and frequency distribution. Result: The result showed that patients with heart failure who had high spiritual well-being were 53 people (86,9%). In life scheme sub-variable, 55 people (90,2%) were included in the high category. In self-efficacy sub-variable, 48 people (78,7%) were included in high category but 13 people (21,3%) were into the low category with a low mean score of 3 statements. Conclusion: almost all respondents have high spiritual well-being reinforced by life scheme but there is a part of self-efficacy that still needs to be improved such as the knowledge about how to overcome the burden of life, the ability to help themselves, and the understanding related to the disease. Therefore, it is important to give information related to the patient’s illness to improve the patients’ spiritual well-being which can affect the health condition of the patient. In addition, physical, psychological and social management also have an important role in improving self-efficacy.

Virtual laboratory practice using virtual reality provides conveniences and increases learning outcomes, beside physical laboratories requires expensive costs, ineffective and efficient, and limited space causes a decrease in learning levels and impacted to satisfaction and confidence. This study aims to identify satisfaction and confidence of nursing students in learning using Virtual Reality of Wound Care Skills. The research design using descriptive quantitative. In this study, 56 nursing students used as samples using quota sampling technique. Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale (SCSL) is the instrument used in this study. Meanwhile, data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS software version 26 with univariate analysis method and presented in the form of distribution frequency tables, yield percentages, mean, and deviations standard. This study shows that students are very satisfied (M = 4.400; SD = 0.670) and very confident (M = 4.357; SD = 0.622) in learning using Virtual Reality of Wound Care Skills. Results obtained from the use of virtual reality learning simulations on student satisfaction and confidence obtained high scores. Therefore, this learning method can used as an alternative to learning and support student skills and knowledge in another nursing skills.

Background Indonesia failed to achieve the maternal mortality rate target as the MDGs’ agreement in 2015. The Ministry of Health has developed health promotion and illness prevention programmes to improve women’s health and wealthiness. However, only few studies provide information of women’s health behaviour related to a health promotion and an illness prevention in the perinatal period comprehensively. This study aimed to determine women’s health behaviour related to the health promotion and the illness prevention in the perinatal period; pre, intra, and postnatal. Method This study applied a descriptive quantitative approach. Samples were chosen using the Convenience sampling method. 51 women from Sukapada, Bandung were involved in this study. Data were collected using a questionarrie and analysed using a frequency distribution. Result This study found that the majority of respondents (96%) visited health services for prenatal visit. Women also concerned with other health activities including having tetanus vaccination (49%), consuming Iron tables and nutrisious food (65% and 61% respectively), and having give birth at health facilities (100%). In contrast, this study also found that women’s participation in prenatal classes was limited (25%). In addition, to prevent prenatal and postnatal complications, women need to have a good understanding of dangerous signs in pregnancy and postpartum. However, the majority of them had limited health literacy about it. Conclusion Women’s health behaviour in the perinatal period is varied. Health education programmes are required for increasingwomen’s health literacy and awareness of health promotion and illness prevention in this period.Keywords: Health promotion, illness prevention, perinatal period. “Health Behaviour” Perempuan Usia Produktif saat Periode PerinatalAbstrakLatarbelakang, Target Millennium Development Goals tahun 2015 berkaitan dengan Angka Kematian Ibu tidak dapat dicapai oleh Indonesia. Kementerian kesehatan Republik Indonesia mengembangkan berbagai program promosi kesehatan dan pencegahan penyakit untuk meningkatkan kesehatan dan kesejahteraan perempuan. Namun, riset yang menginformasikan tentang perilaku kesehatan pada perempuan yang komprehensif berkaitan dengan promosi kesehatan dan prevensi pada periode perinatal masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi perilaku perempuan berkaitan dengan promosi dan prevensi kesehatan pada periode perinatal yang meliputi: hamil, melahirkan, postpartum. Metode, Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Sampel dipilih dengan menggunakan metode Convenience sampling. Sebanyak 51 perempuan dari Sukapada, Bandung berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner dan kemudian dianalisa dalam bentuk distribusi frekwensi. Hasil menunjukan sebagian besar perempuan (96%) melakukan kontrol kehamilan, 49% mendapatkan immunisasi TT, 65% mengkonsumsi tablet Fe, 61% mengkonsumsi makanan bergizi, dan seluruh perempuan (100%) melahirkan dengan ditolong oleh pertugas kesehatan. Namun sebaliknya, sebagian kecil perempuan (25%) berpartisipasi dalam kelas prenatal. Selain itu, dalam upaya pencegahan komplikasi kehamilan dan postpartum, perempuan diharapkan memiliki pengetahuan tentang tanda bahaya kehamilan dan postpartum. Pada kenyataan nya hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sebagian besar responden tidak mengetahui tanda bahaya pada kehamilan dan postpartum. Kesimpulan, perilaku perempuan dalam promosi dan prevensi kesehatan di masa perinatal berbeda-beda hal tersebut mungkin disebabkan oleh factor seperti pengetahuan kesehatan. Program pendidikan kesehatan berkaitan dengan periode perinatal dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran perempuan berkaitan dengan upaya promosi kesehatan dan pencegahan penyakit pada periode tersebut.Kata kunci: Promosi kesehatan, pencegahan penyakit, periode perinatal.

Human factors are very complex in the spread of disease. Stunting is caused by chronic malnutrition and infections in toddlers. Lack of access to clean water, hygiene, and sanitation contributes to stunting. Demographic factors can affect a person’s motivation to maintain hygiene. This study aims to be determined the correlation between demographic characteristics and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices at the stunting locus. The method in this study used a correlational quantitative method with a cross-sectional design to be measured demographic characteristic and WASH practices variables. The study population consisted of Sukamulya village residents, and 463 Sukamulya village residents were sampled using total sampling. SPSS Version 26 for Windows was used for univariate and bivariate Chi-Square analysis. The results showed that 228 (49.2%) out of 463 of respondents had poor WASH practices. The results of the correlation test showed that there was a correlation between level of education and WASH practices with a score of Chi-Square 17,564 (p-value = 0,002). There is a correlation between education level and WASH practices at the stunting locus. Education affects a person’s perspective and decision-making, including environmental hygiene and health. Thus, the government and policymakers should hold WASH programs to educate the public about keeping the stunting locus clean.

The responsibility of nurses as nursing care providers is a factor that affects the mental workload. The mental workload of nurses as caregivers who have to work and interact with patients professionally for 24 hours would arise. It may because of continuous adaptation of time constraints in providing nursing care for 24 hours, unclear job demands, limited ability, lack of motivation and mood, and the psychological burden of the nurse. This study aimed to describe the mental workload in carrying out their role as the nursing care provider at eight inpatient wards, Sumedang public hospital. This research applied descriptive quantitative design. The mental workload was measured using the NASA-TLX instrument. The samples were 94 who works inpatient rooms, they were randomly selected through cluster sampling techniques. Analysis of the data was descriptive analysis. The results of the study showed that 67% of nursing nurses had a mental workload that was in the role of providing nursing care. Nurses have a high mental workload in providing nursing care in special surgical wards (53.8%) and child wards (50%). It is recommended that hospitals evaluate the work system of nurses to examine the physical, psychological and behavioral changes that occur to nurses. It is expected that nurses show good performance in carrying out their role as nursing care providers.

Ventilator weaning disorder is the inability to adapt to the reduction of mechanical ventilator assistance that can hinder and prolong the weaning process. Meningitis is strictly defined as inflammation of the meninges, while encephalitis is defined as inflammation of the brain. If both are inflamed, the patient experiences meningo encephalitis. Ventilator weaning (or ventilator weaning) is the process of gradually reducing the mechanical respiratory support provided by the ventilator to the patient. Successful weaning is defined as effective spontaneous breathing without any machine support for 24 hours or more. Study was to analyze ventilator weaning in post evd patients e.c communicating hydrocephalus, me tb brmc grade ii in the icu room of prof. Dr. I.g.n.g ngoerah bali hospital. The method used is a quantitative case study method. The data source of this study is primary data that has been interviewed with the patient’s family and also refers to medical record data as secondary data. The results obtained in this study are that the success factor of ventilator weaning is related to the patient’s age. In early adulthood, it is easier to achieve successful ventilator weaning because the body’s immune function, respiratory muscles and lung function are stronger compared to late adulthood. Then, oral hygiene measures will reduce the incidence of vap and avoid oral infections. Because these measures can kill bacterial growth in the oropharynx. The application of the vap bundle for the prevention and control of vap is stated in the regulation of the minister of health (permenkes) of the republic of indonesia number 27 of 2017 concerning guidelines and prevention of infection which includes hand hygiene, bed position 30-45°, oral hygiene, management of oropharyngeal and tracheal secretions, daily sedation assessment, and administration of deep vein thrombosis (dvt) prophylaxis. The conclusion of this study is that age factors and vap bundles can support the success of ventilator weaning in post-evd patients e.c communicated hydrocephalus, me tb brmc grade ii in the icu room of prof. Dr. I.g.n.g. Ngoerah bali hospital

Febrile seizure rate on toddler was quite high and tended to increase every year. This was because as toddler experiencing febrile seizures they were not properly handled by the parents. Febrile seizure in toddler if not treated quickly can affect the increasing in seizure frequency and can cause death. The capability of mother in handling febrile seizure must be based on the right knowledge of febrile seizure. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of knowledge of the mother before and after health education based on 10 steps in handling febrile seizure on toddler in Bandar Lampung Adventist Hospital. Experimental research method with one group pretest-posttest designed with random sampling technique approach involving 80 mothers with 0 to 5 year old who had fever being hospitalized. The researchers prepared 10 images of steps in handling febrile seizures randomly and asked the respondents to arrange the pictures according to their knowledge. The results were observed to determine their knowledge rearranging as pretest data. Afterward, health education was given about 10 correct steps. Thereafter, reobserved was made and the knowledge in arranging 10 images was obtained as post test data. The knowledge score before health education was 20.75% and after was 83.75%. While the analytical test used paired t test. The results showed a significant relationship between knowledge before and after health education. p value = 0.00 < 0.05. The results showed that the value of tcount (14.26) > t table (2.26). Increased knowledge in mothers reduced the risk of recurrence of febrile seizures in toddler and the nurse who had not tought these steps needed to run regularly to the mothers whose child was being hospitalized.

Knowledge is a fundamental aspect that can influence attitudes and behaviour in seeking parental health services and have an impact on reducing the scope of finding cases of TB in children. The eastern region of Bandung Regency is a densely populated area with a low socioeconomic level and has a high number of TB cases. Knowledge is known to be related to behavior in seeking health services and is one of the factors that influence the behavior of parents who have children with TB. This study aims to determine the relationship between socio-demographic factors that can influence parents' knowledge about TB in children. This research with a correlational descriptive design was carried out using purposive sampling with the criteria of a sample of parents who have children aged 0-14 years and are undergoing TB treatment in the eastern region of Bandung Regency in the 2020–2022-year range. The number of samples involved in this research was 54 people. The questionnaire used in this study was based on the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice (KAP) survey guidelines developed by the World Health Organization. Bivariate data analysis was performed using contingency correlation test. Most parents already have good knowledge about TB (57.4%). Age (p=0.019) is a factor related to parents' knowledge about child TB. Unrelated factors were education (p=0.064), economy (p=0.425), and parents' occupation (p=0.272). The knowledge of parents who have children with a history of TB in the Eastern Region of Bandung Regency regarding childhood Tuberculosis is quite good. This can be influenced by aspects of education, economics, and parents' work. Health workers play a major role in increasing parental knowledge about child TB. Nurses as care givers and educators can involve parents in the process of caring for childhood TB patients and increase knowledge through education and health promotion about TB.

The level of teachers' disaster preparedness in schools is one thing that influences the impact of disasters on children with disabilities, especially earthquakes, which can occur at any time, including during school hours. Therefore, this study aims to determine the description of earthquake disaster preparedness for special school teachers. This study used a quantitative descriptive method with a total sample of 37 teachers at Cileunyi State SLB, and the total sampling technique used was this study. Preparedness measurement for SLB teachers uses instruments modified according to research needs. Data analysis with frequency distribution and results were grouped into ready and unprepared categories. The results showed that 86.5% of teachers were categorized as 'ready'. The best preparedness parameter is disaster knowledge, while the lowest is disaster warning. From the study results, it can be concluded that most SLB teachers are categorized as ready to face earthquake disasters. However, it is expected that efforts to improve aspects of disaster warning can be carried out, such as providing disaster warning tools, especially for children with disabilities.

Hypertension is still the leading cause of death in the elderly. Physiological and degenerative processes in the elderly also cause changes in cholesterol levels. It is known that hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for hypertension. If hypertension and hypercholesterolemia occur in the elderly, it is hazardous for the health of the elderly. Total cholesterol is an important parameter to assess the risk of hypertension. The study aimed to obtain an overview of the total cholesterol profile and the degree of hypertension in elderly hypertension. The research design was a cross-sectional method. Nonprobability sampling with accidental sampling was chosen as a sample selection technique. The sample size was 103. The quantitative descriptive data analysis was presented in a frequency distribution. The results of the study provide an overview of the distribution of elderly hypertension, referring to ACC/AHA classification at hypertension grade I (39.8%), hypertension grade II (35%), and hypertension grade III (25.2%). Meanwhile, the total cholesterol profile was in the desirable range (44.7%), borderline high (26.2%), and high (29.1%). The conclusion that the highest cholesterol levels are in the normal range with the highest degree of hypertension in category I. Future research should examine the factors that cause hypertension in the elderly with normal cholesterol levels.