This study analyzes politeness strategies in request speech acts (du‘ā: دُعَاء) found in the Book of Prayers and Dhikr for Hajj and Umrah (Ministry of Religious Affairs, 2023). Using pragmatic frameworks from Brown and Levinson (1988), Blum-Kulka et al. (1989), and Leech (1983), the study examines 52 prayers based on sentence structure, communicative intent, and politeness strategies. The findings show a dominance of negative politeness, marked by indirectness, collective pronouns, and honorific expressions. Prayers beginning with اللَّهُمَّ /Allahumma/, رَبِّ /Rabbi/, and رَبَّنَا /Rabbana/ reflect varying degrees of personal and collective spirituality. Interestingly, prayers that do not explicitly address God also appear in nearly equal frequency, indicating the use of rich and diverse language variation within linguistic analysis. This variation enhances the sense of sincerity and depth in the supplication. The study affirms that prayer, while theological, is also a linguistic act shaped by politeness and dynamic spiritual expression. It reveals how religious language operates under pragmatic norms to convey trust, reverence, and humility in both traditional and evolving communicative settings.

This study uses a study of linguistics from the point of view of psycholinguistics. This study aims to determine the analysis of verbal and non-verbal communication in one autistic sufferers in Sedayu Village.The research method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative research method and involves collecting data using observation and interview techniques. The theory used in this study is the theory of Leonard Bloomfield (1877-1949). This theory is a series of stimuli and responses that highlight verbal and non-verbal language behavior.This research is a field research that was conducted on March 11, 2022, March 13, 2022, March 15, 2022, and March 17, 2022 in Sedayu Village and obtained fourteen data points from various kinds of questions given to one autistic sufferers during observation and interviews. In this study, it was found that one of the autistic sufferers was observed to be able to communicate verbally, even though it was only one to two words and non-verbally, but not as well as normal people.

Rosé is a female soloist who debuted in early 2021 with the release of her single album, -R-. The album includes two songs and two music videos on it. The music videos themselves consisted of gestures that came along with the lyrics that Rosé sang. Listeners are expected to understand the message behind the gestures and words in the music videos, as well as the denotative and connotative meanings, to better understand it. That being said, the researcher had to take Relation Between Scenes and Lyrics in Rosé’s Music Video: A Semiotic Analysis for the research. This study used a semiotic approach to analyze the gestures in the scenes and looked at the denotative and connotative meanings by Roland Barthes’s theory. Data is analyzed with the descriptive qualitative method. The analysis explains the relation between lyrics and scenes along with denotative and connotative meanings. This study aims to deliver the meaning and give the listener a better understanding of the album to the listener.

This research aims to understand and describe the phenomenon of repetition in six popular songs by Denny Caknan. This study employed a descriptive qualitative method, using content analysis and a discourse analysis approach referring to Sumarlam (2024). The data were collected through listening and note-taking techniques from the lyrics of Denny Caknan's songs, specifically from his YouTube channel, DC Musik. The songs analyzed include "Kartonyono Medot Janji," "Sugeng Dalu," "Los Dol," "Angel," "Satru," and "Kalih Welasku." The findings reveal 35 instances of repetition across the selected songs. Five types of repetition were identified: epizeuxis (10 data), anaphora (1 data), epistrophe (1 data), epanalepsis (1 data), and full repetition (22 data). "Kartonyono Medot Janji" contained the most repetitions. The dominant types of repetition found were full repetition and epizeuxis. The use of repetition in Denny Caknan's songs serves to emphasize specific messages. This study is expected to provide insights for future research on discourse analysis, particularly concerning repetition in song lyrics.

This study analyses impact of intensifers as persuasive language strategy in politics used by female politician in the presidential debate. The data were in the form of words and sentences. Two primary sources are used in data gathering: vice-presidential debate transcription from USA Today and CNN. The study is a qualitative method focusing to construe in-depth analysis. The theoretical framework used as the main theory to analyse the data were Lakoff’s (1975) women language feature and Quirk et al. (1992) types of intensifier. Two research questions are formulated: 1) What type of intensifiers were used by the female politicians in the debate? 2) What is the function of intensifiers used by the female politicians in the debate? The result found that the three types of intensifiers were found. First, the emphasizers were found to be frequently used when female politicians aimed to highlight an important statement. The adding of the emphasis operates as a device to enhance the urgency and seriousness of a particular issue. Second, the amplifiers were found to be frequently used when female politicians wanted to amplify certain statement. Amplifier is a rhetorical and stylistic device that means to make something stronger, louder, and more intense. Finally, downtoners were found to be frequently use when female politicans wanted to reduce the intensity or lessen the force of a particular statement. Furthermore, it was discovered that the two female politicians were using these words as part of a persuasive strategy to convince the constituent.

The use of social media is so diverse that it greatly influences the development of communication in society. Currently, netizens are looking for information quickly by using their social media, one of which is Instagram. In general, the use of the media is used to find information as well as communication that contains a lot of hate speech. So, this study aims to describe: (1) the events of implicature speech acts in netizen comments on BWF Instagram, and (2) forms of hate speech in netizen comments on BWF Instagram. The type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The results of this study explain that the event of implicature speech acts with hate speech Indonesian citizens in commenting. Furthermore, the forms of hate speech in comments include illocutionary acts on the types of taboo words, including (1) cursing speech; (2) profanity speech; (3) blashphemy speech; (4) obscenety speech; (5) sexual harassment speech; (6) vulgar language speech, and (7) name-calling and insults speech. The seven utterances were made by Indonesian citizens. Furthermore, this research can be used as an alternative for students of linguistic theory, especially forensic linguistics and pragmatics.

This research is based on the phenomenon of the emergence of language variations that occur and the influencing factors in the cangkrukan language in angkringan. Communication that occurs in angkringan between visitors and sellers gives rise to language variations. It describes the forms of language variation that arise and the factors that influence them. To uncover these problems by using a Sociolinguistic approach, while still looking at the phenomena that occur in angkringan. This study used the qualitatitf method. The research data is a speech taken from two angkringan in Semarang City, namely angkringan Givan and angkringan Pak Wandi. Data is collected through direct observation, using the listening method which includes the technique of listening freely involved and tapping techniques accompanied by recording and recording techniques. The results showed the emergence of forms of language variation in the form of code mix, interference, abreviation and analogy. Factors that influence the emergence of language variations are environmental factors, age factors and practicality factors in communication.

This study concerns in analysing the meaning of verbal and visual signs in four Public Service advertisements. This study aims to find out the verbal and visual sign as tool in discovering the meaning related to important issues occurred in the society recently. The method used in analysing data is qualitative method in order to conduct a clear and well-organized description about the phenomena which is being identified. Furthermore, descriptive study in textual analysis is applied to analyse the signs used in the public service advertisement. This study applied the theory of sign element by Saussure (1983) and theory of meaning by Chandler (2007). The finding shown that there were purposes of warn, reminding people to do positive thing related to the topic of advertisement which is shown by the object, such as: human, buildings, cars, photos or images, colour, smartphones, as well as sentences and coloured word used in the advertisement. The discovered meaning in this study has successfully shown the issues that is occurred in the society which gives the impact for the audiences in emerging the sense of empathy of the issue itself.

This research focuses on the development of a question-answering intelligent agent for specialized domains based on a knowledge graph, using the field of English linguistics as an example. English linguistics encompasses a vast array of conceptual terminology and a complex knowledge structure that often lacks sufficient concrete language examples for illustration. Traditional information retrieval methods fall short in meeting the advanced demands of semantic comprehension and knowledge inference required in linguistics education. To address these challenges, this study employs Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation (GraphRAG) technology to design and implement an intelligent agent on the Wenxin Agent Platform. This agent integrates large language models with structured knowledge graphs to enhance the performance of real-time question-answering. The knowledge graph functions as a structured repository that organizes domain-specific linguistic knowledge, thereby expanding the agent's knowledge reserve and enabling more precise responses that facilitate students' systematic understanding of linguistic concepts. Evaluation results indicate that the proposed agent surpasses general-purpose models in response accuracy and professionalism, depth and logical coherence, and explanatory transparency, while effectively addressing hallucination issues common in conventional large language models. The system demonstrates enhanced domain adaptability and improved reasoning performance within linguistic contexts.

This research aims to find compound sentences in the text of President Joko Widodo's speech at the annual session of the MPR-RI and the joint session of the DPR-RI and DPD-RI in the context of the 77th anniversary of the proclamation of independence of the Republic of Indonesia. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative with the note-taking method, and analysis techniques for direct elements. The sources used in this research are the text of President Joko Widodo's speech at the annual session of the MPR-RI and the joint session of the DPR-RI and DPD-RI in the context of the 77th Anniversary of the proclamation of the independence of the Republic of Indonesia, which was held on August 16, 2022, in Jakarta. The research sources are located on the official website of the Cabinet Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia, http://www.setkab.go.id/, which was published on August 16, 2022. Three types of compound sentences were found in this research, namely (1) equivalent compound sentences, (2) multilevel compound sentences, and (3) mixed compound sentences. The difference between the three compound sentences lies in the conjunctions or connecting words and the sentence structure. In terms of the use of conjunctions, equivalent compound sentences use coordinating conjunctions, namely conjunctions that connect two equivalent clauses. Multilevel compound sentences use subordinating conjunctions, which are conjunctions that connect two unequal clauses. Mixed compound sentences use two or more conjunctions, but the conjunction is a mixture, which is a mixture of coordinating conjunctions with subordinating conjunctions. The findings in this study can be concluded that in the text of the president's speech there are various compound sentences in Indonesian used. Among them are equivalent compound sentences, multilevel compound sentences, and mixed compound sentences. These types can be distinguished from the conjunctions used.

Penelitian ini dilandasi oleh fenomena munculnya kalimat minor yang terjadi dalam laras iklan di platform sosial media Instagram. Bagaimana bentuk dan fungsi kata yang terdapat dalam kalimat minor. Penggunaan kalimat minor terdapat dalam produk minuman yang diuplod di Instagram. Untuk mengungkap permasalahm tersebut dengan menggunakan pendekatan sintaksis, dengan tetap melihat fenomena yang terjadi dalam kalimat minor iklan produk minuman di Instagram. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Data penelitian adalah kalimat minor yang terdapat dalama iklan minuman di Instagram. Terdapat tiga produk minuman yang terkumpul diantaranya sprit_id, dancow, miloindonesia, dan energen_id. Data dikumpulkan Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode padan dan metode agih. Kemudian data yang terkumpul akan diparafrasakan dengan teknik ubah ujud. Dari data yang dikumpulkan terdapat tujuh data kalimat minor dalam iklan produk minuman di Instagram. Semua data yang terkumpul menggunakan kalimat minor dalam mempromosikan iklan produknya.Kata kunci: kalimat minor, iklan, instagram.

Advertising with the aim of building a brand image, selling products is carried out by manyadvertisers in the digital space. One type of advertising that is quite popular because thepresentation attracts the attention and interest of the audience is food and drink advertising inonline videos. The use of language to reflect persuasive communication in advertising will beuseful if presented with the basic characteristics of advertising writing. The aim of this researchis to describe the basic characteristics of advertising design for child-friendly food andbeverage products in online videos. This type of qualitative research analyzes data inductively,starting from data as evidence rather than emphasizing a theoretical model. Determination ofthe sample in this research was purposive sampling by ensuring that the samples obtained werein accordance with the research objectives. Checking data validity utilizes source triangulationtechniques, namely by providing data from various data sources with consideration toachieving research objectives. The data source comes from advertisements for food andbeverage products in online videos obtained by observation. This research data is in the formof advertising texts for food and beverage products that utilize the characteristics of advertisinglanguage. Next, the data is classified in tabular form based on theory with supporting data.Simultaneous data analysis using the Spradley qualitative analysis model, through four majorstages, namely: domain analysis, taxonomy, components and cultural themes. The basiccharacteristics of designing advertisements for child-friendly food and beverage products inonline videos show that the most dominant is the use of short words, so they are easy tounderstand quickly. Next, in second place is advertising that is selling (persuasive); third,continuous repetition or repetition in the body of the advertisement; fourth, the use of wordsthat are easy to understand and do not raise doubts in the minds of readers or listeners; andfinally the maximum use of words and conveying the message immediately

Through the corpus linguistic software, the sketch engine, we found that the word "like" appears in a significant number in the Laskar Pelangi novel, it means that simile is widely used the Laskar Pelangi novel. The aim of this research is to find how the simile in Laskar Pelangi novel in German is translated. This research is a qualitative research, which discusses the strategies and techniques of translating the simile in Andrea Hirata's novel Laskar Pelangi, translated into German, Die Regenbogenstruppe through a linguistic corpus approach. The result of this study found that 59 similes were found in the source text, however, in the translation results in the target text, it was found that 35 similes is removed or not translated, 17 simile language styles were translated literally,5 similes were translated by providing additional explanations and amplification translation techniques, then two similes were translated with a substitution strategy with adaptation and modulation translation techniques. Another finding of this study is that sentences that contain simile in the source text, but are not translated or omitted in the target text, are sentences that contain cultural elements of the source text and do not have their equivalents in the target text.

In communication, language serves as the primary tool used. Each individual has uniqueness in language usage, one of which is through the use of linguistic aspects such as code-mixing and code-switching. This study aims to describe the forms of code-switching found in Gus Iqdam's lecture and the purposes of code-switching. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method. The data used are speeches containing code-switching obtained from the YouTube video 'GUS IQDAM & SOIMAH SAMPAI MENANGIS JAMAAH RADIUS 10 KM // PENDOPO TULUNGO BANTUL // 24 NOVEMBER 2023'. Data collection techniques in this study use a listening approach with the application of advanced techniques of listening with free talk involvement and note-taking techniques through orthographic transcription. Data analysis in this study adopts Spradley's method, namely domain analysis and taxonomic analysis. In the lecture video, several types of code-switching were found, namely internal code-switching and external code-switching. The use of code-switching is generally done, among others, for the purpose of familiarizing the atmosphere, respecting the interlocutor, convincing the topic of conversation, evoking humor, and simply styling or prestige. Keywords: code-switching, sociolinguistics, lecture, gus iqdam

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk lambang atau simbol sufistik yang terdapat pada manuskrip puisi Hujan Bulan Juni karya Sapardi Djoko Damono. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga belas puisi yang mengandung lambang aspek sufistik sastra transendental yang memiliki peranan sebagai puisi sufistik. Manuskrip karya Sapardi ini bisa disebut sebagai sastra transendental, karena berisi pengalaman yang dipaparkan penyair tentang pengalaman transendental seperti perjalanan, kerinduan, dan persatuan terhadap Tuhannya.

This study uses a psycholinguistic approach to analyze the differences in language quality between male and female students at MI Hudatul Hailalah Bojonegoro. The main focus of this study is the differences in the use of sentence beginnings, sentence structures, and the completeness of the stories produced by each group. The method used is observation and analysis of transcripts of picture stories retold by students. The results of the study indicate that male students tend to use short, direct, and action-focused sentences, while female students are more narrative and detailed and have more complex sentence structures. In addition, the social environment also influences language use, where male students use their mother tongue more often in everyday life, while female students are more exposed to a second language (Indonesian) in their social interactions. This study is expected to provide insight into how gender factors and the social environment shape children's language development.

This study aims to analyse directive speech acts found in the comic Kisah Petualangan Kyai Sadrach. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach with a pragmatic perspective. The data source of this study is the dialogue between characters in the comic Kisah Petualangan Kyai Sadrach. The data consist of utterances containing directive speech acts collected through reading and note-taking techniques. The analysis is based on the classification of directive speech acts proposed by Searle and Vanderveken (1989). The results show that there are 55 directive utterances classified into 10 types of directive speech acts, namely requesting, asking, commanding, prohibiting, suggesting, ordering, warning, advising, praying, and pleading. Among these types, asking is the most dominant directive speech act with a percentage of 52,7%, indicating that the characters frequently use questions to obtain information and clarify situations within the narrative. The variety of directive speech acts demonstrates how the characters use language to influence the actions of other characters and develop interactions within the storyline.

Abstract: This study aims to find out expressive speech acts complaining about Trosborg's theory, (1995) which is in the film Taksi (1990). The method in this study uses descriptive qualitative. The source of the data in this study is the utterances of all the characters in the film Taksi (1990). The results in this study showed that the speech act of complaining was the highest, namely showing criticism by 42%, followed by the speech act of complaining which showed annoyance of 36%, then the last, the smallest, was the speech act of complaining which showed indifference by 22%.Keywords: Speech act, expressive, complain, film.

This study aims to determine the types of homonymy and determine the relationship in the 2014 film script Maleficent Season 1. The method in this research is descriptive qualitative using observation and non-participatory methods in collecting data and using informal methods in presenting the result data. Data analysis is based on its relationship with homonymy with reference to semantic analysis. There are several categories found such as complete homonymy type, partial homonymy, word homonym, word form homonym, lexical homonym, and grammatical homonym. However, in this study the researcher focused on data analysis on two broad types, namely homographs and homophones. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that homonym is the most dominant type of homophone.

This study aims to examine oral conversations between sellers and buyers in Rubaru market, known for its linguistic diversity. The main focus is to describe the language variations used by both parties as well as the influencing factors. By employing a sociolinguistic approach and qualitative descriptive method, this research aims to present an overview of the social phenomena emerging from the conversation data. The data collection process involves direct observation at the market, recording conversations, and detailed note-taking. Through observing buying and selling transactions, conversations are recorded, transcribed, and then data is classified and grouped. The research focuses on the use of Madura language by both parties in transactions. The research findings encompass a variety of conversations between sellers and buyers in Rubaru market, showing oral language variations based on sociolect, including acrolect and basilect. Factors such as age, time, location, and gender are also found to influence the language variations used by sellers and buyers in these conversations.