Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kesulitan belajar, faktor penyebab, dan upaya pemecahan masalah kesulitan belajar yang dialami oleh siswa berkebutuhan khusus materi memahami cerita Ramayana Resi Jatayu dengan model pembelajaran online . Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik sampling menggunakan purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan analisis dokumen. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model interaktif dengan tiga tahapan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Uji validitas data menggunakan triangulasi sumber data dan triangulasi teknik. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah (1) kesulitan belajar yang dialami siswa yaitu sulit memahami materi, memahami cerita wayang, mengakses materi dan tugas, serta berkomunikasi dengan guru; (2) faktor penyebab kesulitan belajar siswa dibedakan menjadi dua yaitu internal dan eksternal. Faktor internalnya yaitu (a) jasmani: permasalahan penglihatan siswa (tunanetra); (b) rohani: malas belajar, kurangnya semangat siswa dalam belajar, emosi siswa labil. Adapun faktor eksternalnya yaitu (a) faktor keluarga: kurangnya perhatian orang tua, kondisi rumah ramai, tidak memiliki gawai pribadi, serta koneksi jaringan buruk; (b) faktor sekolah: pemberian tugas banyak; (c) faktor lingkungan sosial: mengikuti kebiasaan teman; (3) upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasinya yaitu memberikan materi ringkas dan menarik, melakukan home visit, memberikan materi dalam bentuk pesan suara, dan memberikan motivasi pada siswa agar semangat belajar.

ACCULTURATION OF TEMBANG DHANDHANGGULA CULTURE IN THE TINGKEBAN TRADITION OF THE CHINESE COMMUNITY IN KARANGTURI VILLAGE, LASEMThis study examines cultural acculturation in the lyrics of the Macapat Dhandhanggula “Bok Tok Utama” performed in the Tingkeban tradition of the Chinese community in Karangturi Village, Lasem. The research employed a qualitative method, with data in the form of song lyrics collected through processes of translation, classification, and identification. The data were then analyzed based on metrical structure, linguistic aspects, and socio-cultural context. The findings reveal that the Dhandhanggula “Bok Tok Utama” adheres to the standard rules of macapat with consistent patterns of guru wilangan and guru lagu, despite an aesthetic variation in the fourth stanza. Linguistically, the song is dominated by Modern Javanese with the inclusion of Chinese phrases such as Khongcu and Tiong Yong, indicating intercultural interaction. These findings demonstrate that the Tingkeban tradition of the Chinese community in Karangturi not only preserves literary values but also functions as a medium of prayer and hope, reflecting the acculturation between Javanese and Chinese.

This research aims to (1) find out the ubarampe in the Pancenan tradition of Dukuh Jaten, Sragen Regency (2) analyze the symbolic meaning in the ubarampe of the Pancenan tradition in Jaten Dukuh, Sragen Regency. The data used is photo documentation of Ubarampe while the research data source is the results of interviews. The data collection technique uses documentation about the Pancenan tradition of ubarampe. The analytical technique used by the Miles and Huberman interactive model is divided into four stages (1) The appropriate data analysis technique used for the descriptive type is through four activity flows, namely (1) collecting data, (2) data reduction, (3) presenting data, and (4) drawing conclusions or verification. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the research results (1) mentioned the form of ubarampe in the Jenang Sura tradition, (2) explained the symbolic meaning contained in the ubarampe of the Pancenan tradition.

This classroom action research aimed to improve the students’ activeness and crita cekak writing skill using examples non-examples learning method with serial picture media in the 10th Social Science Graders of SMA Negeri 1 Sukoharjo. This classroom action research was conducted in two cycles, each of which consisting of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The subject of this study are 29 students in the class at X IPS 4 SMA Negeri 1 Sukoharjo. The data sources used were event, document, and informant. Techniques of collecting data used were observation, document analysis, interview, and task/test administration. Data validation was carried out using method and data source triangulations. Technique of analyzing data used was a descriptive comparative and critical analysis. The study shows that on the on pre-action the writing skill crita cekak only 27.58%. After the first cycle was done, 62.06% and  after the second cycle was done student who pass increased 89.65%.

The author made this study with the aim of explaining a learning process using the student teams achievement division method and wayang image media. This research is subject to students in class VIII A of SMP Negeri 1 Widodaren. This research was applied in 2 cycles, where each cycle of application consisted of action planning, action implementation, observation or observation, analysis and reflection. The technique used in the collection is document study through tests in cycle 1 and cycle 2. The results of this study can be seen that the application of the student teams achievement division method and wayang image media to class VIII A students of SMP Negeri 1 Widodaren in the 2018/2019 academic year can improve students' ability to read Javanese script in 2 cycles. In the pre-action stage, students who achieved 38% completeness increased in cycle 1 to 51.61% in cycle 2 increased to 87.1%. This study has results that can be used as a reference for teachers to use the student teams achievement division method and puppet image media in Javanese language learning in class VIII to improve reading skills in Javanese script.

Karya sastra yang dinamis dan selalu berkembang membuat penelitian sastra juga terus bermunculan. Karya sastra berupa novel Jawa belum banyak diminati oleh para siswa untuk dijadikan sumber belajar di sekolah. Maka dari itu, perlu adanya penelitian sastra yang membahas novel Jawa untuk menghasilkan materi ajar pendidikan sebagai alternatif sumber belajar bagi siswa. Alternatif sumber belajar baru dapat memberikan kesan yang lebih variatif dan menarik dalam proses pembelajaran di sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan wujud unsur intrinsik pada novel Sapecak Bumi sing Kobong karya Hastin Zaina, wujud konflik sosial pada novel Sapecak Bumi sing Kobong karya Hastin Zaina, dan relevansi novel Sapecak Bumi sing Kobong dengan materi ajar bahasa Jawa di SMA. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan data berupa kutipan dan ujaran yang diperoleh dari sumber data dokumen serta informan. Teknik sampling yang digunakan ialah purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan analisis dokumen dan wawancara. Teknik uji validitas menggunakan triangulasi teori dan sumber. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model interaktif. Prosedur penelitian meliputi persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan penyusunan laporan. Hasil penelitian dapat diuraikan menjadi wujud unsur intrinsik novel yang meliputi tema, amanat, alur, tokoh/penokohan, dan latar/setting, konflik sosial yang diklasifikasikan menjadi kejahatan, disorganisasi keluarga, peperangan, pelanggaran norma, novel Sapecak Bumi sing Kobong telah relevan sebagai materi ajar bahasa Jawa di SMA

The importance of learning evaluation must be supported by the use of high-quality assessment instruments. This study aims to analyze the quality of essay test items based on their validity, reliability, difficulty level, and discrimination index in the Grade VIII Javanese Language Final Semester Examination in Sukoharjo Regency for the 2023/2024 academic year. The research employed a quantitative descriptive method. The data consisted of test questions, test blueprints, answer keys, scoring rubrics, and 64 students’ answer sheets selected through simple random sampling. The analysis was conducted using the Classical Test Theory approach, including validity testing (Product Moment correlation), reliability testing (Cronbach’s Alpha), item difficulty analysis, and discrimination index analysis. The results revealed that all test items were invalid (r-count < r-table at the 0.05 significance level), although the instrument demonstrated very high reliability (0.990). All items were categorized as easy, and most showed low or even negative discrimination indices. These findings indicate that the instrument has not accurately measured students’ competencies nor effectively differentiated students’ ability levels. Therefore, a comprehensive revision of the test construction is necessary before it is used as an official evaluation instrument.

Abstract This research is motivated by the discrepancy between words, phrases, clauses and sentences in a discourse. Aspects of grammatical and lexical cohesion is one of the important aspects in the formation of standard discourse, especially in news discourse. Thus, it can be formulated in this study, how is the use of grammatical and lexical cohesion aspects in Javanese news? This study uses the object of analysis in the form of news in Javanese language with a culinary theme contained in the Jawacana tabloid. This study aims to describe the use of grammatical and lexical cohesion aspects in Javanese news in the Jawacana tabloid. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach. The data collection technique is done by document analysis. The data in this study are written data in the form of words, phrases, clauses and sentences that contain grammatical and lexical cohesion aspects in Javanese news stories contained in the Jawacana tabloid. Test the validity of the data obtained through data triangulation and theory triangulation. The results of the study indicate that news in Jawacana has used grammatical and lexical cohesion in the preparation of its discourse. Thus, the discourse in thetabloid Jawacana has met the criteria as a complete and standard discourse.

This study describes the comparative style of language found in the collection of Sêrat Plérok geguritan by Yusuf Susilo Hartono. The purpose of this study is to determine the form of comparative language style in the geguritan group of Sêrat Plérok. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method with a stylistic approach. The data collection technique used in this research is document analysis. The source of the data used in this research is the anthology book geguritan Sêrat Plérok by Yusuf Susilo Hartono. The data used is geguritan which contains comparative language styles, the number of data found is 11 data. The results of this study are (1) simile style with 2 data, (2) metaphor language style with 4 data, and (3) personification style with 5 data. The conclusion in this study, the author wrote three comparative language styles from four types of comparative language styles in eleven data to compare things and beautify vocabulary. Comparative language style that is not found in the geguritan Sêrat Plérok anthology is allegorical style.

Tujuan penelitian adalah mendeskripsikan jenis dan fungsi kalimat imperatif pada spanduk partai politik menuju pemilu 2024 di Kota Surakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Objek adalah kalimat imperatif, data yang digunakan kalimat imperatif pada spanduk beserta konteksnya dan Sumber data utama yang digunakan adalah spanduk-spanduk partai politik menuju pemilu 2024 yang berada di kota Surakarta. Objek adalah kalimat imperatif, data yang digunakan kalimat imperatif pada spanduk beserta konteksnya dan sumber data adalah dokumen tertulis spanduk partai politik menuju pemilu 2024 di Kota Surakarta.  Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik triangulasi sumber data dan Teknik teriangulasi metode pengumpulan data. Teknik triangulasi sumber data digunakan untuk mengecek data dari berbagai sumber. Metode simak atau observasi dilakukan dengan cara pengamatan secara langsung terhadap objek penelitian yaitu kalimat imperatif pada spanduk partai politik menuju pemilu 2024 di Kota Surakarta. Dokumentasi digunakan untuk mendokumentasikan spanduk partai politik di Kota Surakarta dengan cara difoto agar memudahkan proses pengumpulan data. Teknik ini digunakan untuk mencatat atau mengklasifikan data sesuai dengan jenis kalimat imperatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan kalimat imperatif dengan jenis, (1) larangan, (2) suruhan, (3) biasa, (4) perintah, (5) permintaan dan (6) ajakan.  Fungsi kalimat imperatif yang ditemukan yaitu (1) fungsi menyampaikan sebuah isyarat, (2) fungsi mengajak, (3) fungsi memerintah, (4) fungsi meminta dan (5) fungsi melarang.

This study aims to describe the figure of speech, imagery, and meanings that are in the lyrics of Nadin Amizah's song in the album “Selamat Ulang Tahun”. The research approach used is a qualitative approach with descriptive methods and is included in the type of literature study research. The data collection techniques used were listening techniques, reading techniques, hearing techniques, and note taking techniques. The data analysis technique used in this research is interactive which consists of three research components, including: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of this study are firstly, Nadin Amizah's song lyrics in the album “Selamat Ulang Tahun” utilize a variety of figures of speech, namely comparative figures of parable, metaphor, and personafication, repetition of alliteration, assonance, repetition, pleonasm, and parelism, contradictory figures of hyperbole, litotes, oxymorone and linking figurehead which is of the synekdoke type; sinekdoke pars pro toto and sinekdoke totem pro parte. Second, the lyrics of Nadin Amizah's song in the album “Selamat Ulang Tahun”, there are four types of imagery, namely auditory imagery, movement imagery, tactile imagery, and visual imagery. Third, the meaning contained in the lyrics of Nadin Amizah's song in the album “Selamat Ulang Tahun” consists of the meaning of affection, meaning of kinship, the meaning of life, and the meaning of love. This research is useful for adding color to research on figure of speech and images in literature.

This research describes the behavior of grammatical functions in the X-bar theory in forming the FN structure of the Muna language, Mawasangka dialect. Apart from that, this research tries to find a formulation of the rules for the FN structure of the Muna language, Mawasangka dialect. Data collected from observations through informants who are native Muna speakers. Data was collected and compiled using descriptive methods. From the analysis results obtained, Muna language noun phrases can be combined with the noun phrase itself, but with the help of prepositions. In addition, noun phrases can consist of noun words as core projections combined with numeralia, adjectives, etc.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan bagaimana pola dan bentuk kohesi ekuivalensi leksikal pada kumpulan cerita pendek karya Eka Kurniawan yang berjudul Perempuan Patah Hati yang Kembali Menemukan Cinta Melalui Mimpi. Fokus penelitian ini ialah pemarkah kohesi leksikal berupa ekuivalensi leksikal. Data penelitian ini berupa kutipan pada cerpen yang di dalamnya terdapat penggunaan ekuivalensi. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah kumpulan cerpen Perempuan Patah Hati yang Kembali Menemukan Cinta Melalui Mimpi karya Eka Kurniawan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan subjek penelitian kumpulan cerpen. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode simak dan teknik catat dengan metode penyajian akhir teknik informal. Metode analisis data menggunakan teknik distribusional dengan teknik dasar bagi unsur langsung. Ekuivalensi leksikal yang diteliti meliputi ekuivalensi yang mengalami proses afiksasi prefiks, kombinasi afiks, dan sufiks. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan proses afiksasi prefiks yang mendominasi dengan kategori kalimat derivasi. Ekuivalensi leksikal yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini mampu mendukung topik dalam membangun sebuah wacana secara utuh, sehingga mudah dipahami oleh pembaca.

This study examines the use of derivational and inflectional affixes in English news headlines published on The Jakarta Post website. The morphological analysis method is used to identify the types of affixes used and word formation patterns in the context of online media. The data collection technique was carried out using the observe and note method, where data was obtained by browsing and recording news headlines found on the site. This analysis uses the distribution method with an advanced technique in the form of Direct Element Sharing (BUL). Based on the results of the analysis, 214 words were found, with 60 affixed word data, consisting of 21 words through the derivation process and 39 words through the inflection process. The research findings show that derivational affixes, such as prefixes ("ir-") and suffixes ("-es", "-ing"), as well as inflectional affixes, such as tense markers and plural suffixes ("-s", "-es"), are often used in news headlines to influence the structure and meaning of words. The use of these affixes plays an important role in creating concise, informative, and interesting headlines for readers. In addition, this finding reveals that the choice of affixes can affect the interpretation of news and the effectiveness of communication in conveying information.

This research aims to understand and describe the phenomenon of repetition in six popular songs by Denny Caknan. This study employed a descriptive qualitative method, using content analysis and a discourse analysis approach referring to Sumarlam (2024). The data were collected through listening and note-taking techniques from the lyrics of Denny Caknan's songs, specifically from his YouTube channel, DC Musik. The songs analyzed include "Kartonyono Medot Janji," "Sugeng Dalu," "Los Dol," "Angel," "Satru," and "Kalih Welasku." The findings reveal 35 instances of repetition across the selected songs. Five types of repetition were identified: epizeuxis (10 data), anaphora (1 data), epistrophe (1 data), epanalepsis (1 data), and full repetition (22 data). "Kartonyono Medot Janji" contained the most repetitions. The dominant types of repetition found were full repetition and epizeuxis. The use of repetition in Denny Caknan's songs serves to emphasize specific messages. This study is expected to provide insights for future research on discourse analysis, particularly concerning repetition in song lyrics.

Penelitian ini dilandasi oleh fenomena munculnya variasi bahasa yang terjadi dan faktor yang mempengaruhi pada bahasa cangkrukan di angkringan. Komunikasi yang terjadi pada angkringan antar pengunjung dan penjual menimbulkan variasi bahasa. Hal ini mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk variasi bahasa yang muncul dan faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Untuk mengungkap permasalahan tersebut dengan menggunakan pendekatan Sosiolinguistik, dengan tetap melihat fenomena yang terjadi di angkringan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatitf. Data penelitian adalah tuturan yang diambil dari dua angkringan di Kota Semarang yaitu angkringan Givan dan angkringan Pak Wandi. Data dikumpulkan melalui hasil observasi langsung, dengan menggunakan metode simak  yang meliputi teknik simak bebas libat cakap dan teknik sadap yang disertai dengan teknik rekam dan catat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan munculnya bentuk-bentuk variasi bahasa berupa Campur kode, Interferensi, Abreviasi dan Analogi. Faktor yang mempengaruhi munculnya variasi bahasa yaitu faktor lingkungan, faktor usia dan faktor kepraktisan dalam komunikasi.

This study presents a comprehensive syntactic analysis of tense phrases within the framework of X-bar theory applied to recount texts. Utilizing a corpus of diverse recount narratives, we employ a generative approach to scrutinize the hierarchical structure and syntactic relationships governing tense constituents. Our investigation reveals intricate patterns of tense phrase formation, shedding light on the underlying syntactic mechanisms that govern temporal information encoding. Through a meticulous examination of tense-related features, we uncover the nuanced interplay between functional projections and lexical elements, offering insights into the syntactic complexities of recount narratives. Furthermore, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of tense phrase structures, providing a foundation for future explorations in syntactic analysis. The findings herein not only advance our comprehension of temporal representation in language but also underscore the significance of X-bar theory in elucidating intricate syntactic phenomena.

This study aims to look for the social factors influencing language changes in bergaining second-hand cellphones on Facebook groups in Solo Raya. This research is a qualitative descriptive research using note-taking technique as the data collection technique. The research source is located in a Facebook group when bergaining activities for second hand cellphones in Solo Raya happened. The source of data and data in this study used purposive sampling technique. This group was chosen as the data source because it is a platform for people to gather with others in various social backgrounds. Therefore, these people have a special language that is used in bergaining activities that influences language in terms of form and meaning. The results of this study indicate that the language used in bergaining second-hand cellphone activities on this facebook group is influenced by three factors, namely: (1) education level, (2) age factors, (3) social class. The level education factors influences the spelling of a word because people tend to make it easier to write the foreign words. Besides, the age factors influences the shift of word meaning. Meanwhile, the social class factors make them using krama inggil and madya language to show honor and respect other members.

Abstract: This research aims to describe the code choide of female santri in the religiosity domain.  This  research was conducted at Assalaam Islamic Modern Boarding School and Islam Al-Mukmin Boarding School of Ngruki, Sukoharjo Regency. Its data were speech between female santri and female santri, speech between female santri and female teachers (ustazah)/male teachers (ustaz) in the religiosity domains. They were collected through observation, recording, listening, note-taking, and in-depth interview. The result of the research find out that there was a tendency that Indonesian code was chosen as the main media of communication while the other speech codes were used for interethnic communication. In religiosity domain, the codes used were Indonesian, code switching from Indonesian to Arabic, and English. Indonesiaan is the most code used by people in the religiosity domain.Keywords: code choice, santri, religiosity domain.Abstrak: Penelitian  ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pilihan kode santri wanita dalam ranah keagaman. Penelitian ini mengambil lokasi di Pesantren Modern Islam Assalaam dan Pesantren Islam Al-Mukmin Ngruki di Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Data yang terkumpul dalam penelitian ini merupakan tuturan santri dan santri, santri dan ustazah/ustaz dalam domain keagamaan di lingkungan Pesantren Modern Islam Assalaam dan Pesantren Islam Al-Mukmin Ngruki. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu teknik observasi, rekam, simak, catat, dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ranah keagamaan ditemukan pola pilihan kode yaitu bahasa Indonesia (BI), alih kode dari bahasa Indonesia ke dalam bahasa Arab, bahasa Inggris. Kode tutur yang paling sering digunakan dalam ranah keagamaan yaitu bahasa Indonesia.Kata kunci: pilihan kode, santri, ranah keagamaan.

Abstract:  The use of woman language against the background of K-POP fans, especially the boy group BTS, is very interesting to discuss. This research focuses on analyzing the features of woman language used by BTS fans called ARMY in whatsaap group chat Butter ARMY of Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method by applying a sociolinguistic approach that focuses on the use of woman language features in whatsapp group chat Butter ARMY of Indonesia. The data collection technique was carried out using the technique of listening and recording through orthographic transcription. This research uses a method as a pragmatic commensurate data analysis with the determining tool is the speech partner itself based on the speaker's language. The basic technique applied is the sorting of determining elements (PUP). Based on the results of the study, it was found that the use of Women's Language features in the whatsaap group chat Butter ARMY of Indonesia was 70 data where the use of Question tag features was more dominant as many as 19 and the use of Rising Intonation on Declaration was the least used which was only 1 data.